二、虚拟的should
在下列从句中,谓语动词用原形或“should+动词原形”,前者在新闻文字、外交文件、提案及口语中更为常见,美国人也较爱用前一种形式。注意这种句型中的虚拟语气形式不受主句动词时态的影响。
1.在表示命令、建议、要求的动词之后的宾语从句。常见的这类动词包括:advocate (拥护),advise (建议), arrange (安排),consent(答应), beg(请求),command(命令),desire(想望), determine(决意), intend(意欲),dictate(下令),expect(指望), insist(坚持),instruct( 指示), move(提议), order(命令), prefer(宁愿), propose(提议), request(请求), require (要求), recommend(建议),suggest(建议),urge ( 催促)。
Our teacher recommends that we as attentive as possible when we visit the museum .
A) are B) shall C) were D) be
老师劝我们在参观博物馆时尽可能地聚精会神。 (B4,1988-4, 答案是D)
We desire that the tour leader us immediately of any change in plans.
A) inform B) informs C) informed D) has informed
如果计划有变动,希望导游立即通知我们。(B4,1993.6-4, 答案是A)
注意如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实,或主语心目中认定的事实,则宾语从句仍用陈述语气,这时主句动词不再表示“命令、建议、要求”。例:
Clumbus also insisted until he died that the land he had reached was an unknown part of Asia.哥伦布至死都坚持认为他所到达的大陆是亚洲的某一部分。
The study of animals and humans have suggested the vitamin A offers some protection against lung cancer. 对动物和人类的研究表明:维他命A对肺癌有某种预防作用。
2.在表示命令、建议、要求的名词(如advice, decision, insistence, requirement, suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendation)之后的表语从句和同位语从句:
It seems(A) to me that the main requirement(B) of an international language is(C) that it is easily learned(D).
(1999年全国大学生英语竞赛初赛题)C错,应改为should be或be。在我看来,一种国际性的语言,其主要的要求应该是容易学。
My advice, Sir, is that manuscripts on one side only.
A) is written B) be written
C) are written D) will be written
(1999年全国大学生英语竞赛初赛题)先生,我的建议是手稿只写在纸的一面。
The request of the president that taxes be raised immediately was denied. 总统关于提高税率的要求立刻遭到否决。
My suggestion is that the meeting should be canceled. 我的建议是这次会议应该取消。
3.在it is desired, it is suggested, it is ordered 等结构之后的主语从句:
We are all for your proposal that the discussion .
A) be put off B) was put off
C) should put off D) is to put off
我们都赞成你的建议,把讨论推迟。(B4,1998.6-68,A对)