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99年英语专业八级考试全真试卷答案部分

[日期:2007-05-10]   [字体: ]

听力原文

PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION

SECTION A TALK


     As we all know, when machines work they give off a lot of noise, and the no ise can sometimes be very unpleasant, or annoying. As a result, people have been  trying to find ways to reduce noise. Although it may sound a bit strange to you all, one of the best ways to make machines quieter, in cars for example, may be  to make them noisier. The source of this paradox is electronic anti-noise which creates sound waves to cancel out unwanted noise, such as rattles, blare, etc.

    Now although the idea dates back to the 1930s, it’s only recently that advances in computer technology have made anti-noise a commercial possibility. Take Franc e for example. Here industry spends a fortune to get rid of noise. We all know h ow unpleasant it is. Both people working in factories and ordinary people at hom e enjoying their leisure can be affected by noise. Delicate machines are affecte d by noise as well. The government has passed a lot of regulations concerning ac ceptable levels of noise. 

      Noise is costly to industry. In the first place, just following a single r egulation can cost 1 to 2 billion US dollars in the textile industry, they say.

      Then secondly, of course, vibration can cause damage to machinery. Even very sma ll vibrations can cause parts to wear out and equipment to fail. And naturally e nough, this gets added on to the price of the products. About $ to 15% of the price of a product comes from noise and vibration costs, it’s estimated.

      At present, methods used to dampen down noise and vibrations rely on tech niques that are 30 or 40 years old. These usually involve wrapping the noisy or vibrating component in anything from cotton to concrete. But this is often expen sive and inefficient.

     The modern electronic anti-noise devices don’t reduce sound. Instead, sound  is used to attack sound. The trick is to hit these sound waves with other waves  in a carefully controlled way. It may not be possible to eliminate noise comple tely, but engineers can build systems to eliminate specific kinds of noise and v ibration. The new systems can deal with repetitive noise. This unfortunately means that there is not much that can be done about one-off noise, like someone try ing to learn to play a trumpet. But they can handle fairly regular things like e ngine noise.

     A French company has developed a technique which uses a microphone and a mi croprocessor. The processor measures the sound and directs a speaker to broadcas t sound waves that are out of phase with the engine noise. The company claimed t hat it will make a car engine quieter, if not completely 100% silent. There are a number of other areas of application in the noisy, industrial environment of today. One system which the company is developing, aims to minimize the noise of aircraft engines and helicopter vibrations. Now anti-noise systems would be able  to reduce noise in the cabin of an airplane to mere acceptable levels. 

     Another area which affects ordinary households nowadays concerns the noise which electricity and gas suppliers create. The electricity companies spend a lo t of money each year, cutting the harm of transformers, trying to quiet the nois e and maintaining equipment that is constantly affected by vibration. If they can get rid of or even stop the vibrations, manufacturers can increase
production speeds. But, of course, people working in noisy workplaces are perhaps  mere affected than anything by the effects of noise. Anti-noise can also create  “zones of quiet” in noisy workplaces. To create such a zone, you do two things.

    First, microphones are suspended around the workplace. Then speakers that produ ce out-of-phase sound waves can then be put close to the worker under the desk o r the machine. A company working in this area has tested this system and says th at it cuts noise levels enough for somebody inside the zone to hear a conversati on from another part of the work place. Yet, this is only one-way; shouts from t he quiet zone could not be heard over the factory noise by those outside it, bec ause the rest of the workplace remains noisy. This is one of the anti-noise meas ures experimented with today. If this proves to be feasible in many workplaces, I’m sure it can contribute to the reduction of noise in factory workshops in th e future.

SECTION B INTERVIEW

W: First of all, when do people start work in American offices?

M:  Right, well, the official work day starts at 9:00 am. This really mea ns 9 o’clock-not ten past or half past nine.

W: Would you say that people work very hard in offices in America?

M:  Well, I don’t know about employees in your country. But some nations have a philosophy that you work when the “boss” is around. And any time he’s not th ere, one can relax by reading the newspaper or whatever one likes doing in a per sonel way.

W: And things are different in the States, you’re saying?

M:  Well, in America one is being paid for one’s time. So employees are expecte d to find other work if their own desks are clear, or to help someone else with

his or her work. But you never sit idle doing nothing.

W: Yes, as the saying goes: “Time is money.”

M:  Exactly. Your employer“ owns” your time while he is paying you for it. Tha t is precisely what “Time is money” means. And anyway the boss doesn’t ask mo re of you than he is doing himself: he ...he will probably work through the lun ch hou r himself and even take work home at night.

W: Talking about lunch hours. What about them? Do you have to take them seriousl y?

M:  Oh, yes, sure, of course. An employee’s lunch hour should he taken within t h e period allowed, unless you are officially discussing company business-say ... en ... on a business lunch. It’s the same too with the end of the day. I mean, e n, work until the day officially ends at five o’clock, unless you are in an off ice where “flextime” is the accepted practice.

W: Oh, so you have the flextime system, do you? I wasn’t sure about that.

M: Oh yes, sure. Flexible working hours, that is, en ... starting or ending work earlier or later I ... I know it’s still relatively new. However, there are mo r e and more Americans on the system today. Well, for the same reasons as in Europ e-to keep traffic and commuting problems down. And as more women now work it giv es more family time.

W: Er ... could you say something about contracts or hiring in America, please?

M:  Well, it’s different in America from, say, European countries like Germany o r France, perhaps Japan, too, I’m not sure. I know that in some countries peopl e relax once they have got a job, because they know that they will almost ne ver be fired-unless they do something wrong.

W: You mean that your employer can just fire you in America?

M:  No, no, no. There are, of course, legal protections in the US. So employees cannot be unjustly fired without good reasons. Workers must do a good job, produ ce well, and get along with their colleagues-or they can be “let go”, as it is called.

W: From one day to the next, you mean?

M:  Well, it’s rarely done without warning, but it is important to remember tha t in the US you are a member of a business firm and not a family. It makes a diff erence.

W: I wonder, is the physical or external appearances of office life different fr om European offices?

M:  Well, I have heard people comment on the informality found in American offic es. And this is certainly a little difficult for people who are more used to a h ierarchical system, of course. But there are some very formal offices, too, say, in... in big banks, law firms and major corporations. But in many establishment s with fewer employees the atmosphere is loose and easy with a lot of joking, and teasing, and wandering in and out of offices among all levels of employees.

W: Well, that sounds quite interesting. I think that’s all I want to know reall y. Thank you very much.

M: My pleasure.

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST

News Item 1(For Question 11)

      President Clinton begins a 3-day campaign-styled trip to the western US la

ter today to highlight his domestic agenda.

      White House spokesman says crime, the most important issue for Americans t his election year according to public opinion polls, will be a key theme of Pres ident Clinton’s trips to California, Nevada and New Mexico. Mr. Clinton’s pres um ptive Republican challenger, retiring Senator Bob Dole, has repeatedly disapprov ed of Mr. Clinton’s record on fighting crime. The president is expected to argu e that his policies have helped make American communities safer places. Mr. Clint on will also attend a number of political fund-raising events during his visits to California and Nevada.

News Item 2(For Questions 12-13)

      Reports say Japan and the US have reached an aGREement on their dispute ov er air-cargo transport rights in Asia.

      The aGREement will mean that Washington and Tokyo will renegotiate a 1952 Aviation Treaty which allowed American airlines to fly on from Tokyo to other pl aces in Asia but didn’t allow Japanese airlines the same rights to fly on from America to other destinations. Tokyo has always said that the treaty was unfair and Japan has always wanted it changed. 

     According to the aGREement, Japan will allow the American airline carrier Federal Express to fly on through Tokyo to 7 other destinations in Asia. Now Japan has always said it was happy to allow that, if the treaty was renegotiated. It does seem very clear that Japan has come out of this one on top.

      This is certainly not the first dispute and it certainly won’t be the last dispute, either. There are several outstanding areas of friction between Japan and the US. At the moment, they are negotiating about photographic film and photographic paper. It could take a year to resolve. But even where the two countries do reach aGREement there is still room for argument. They reached this famous car agreement about a month ago. They are already bickering about it.

News Item 3(For Questions 14-15)

      Scientists say they can tell what air and sea conditions were like hundreds of thousands of years ago. They say pieces of ice taken from GREenland provide such information. 
     Scientists took the ice from more than one-and-a-half mile deep in huge masses of ice that float on the sea. That is the deepest scientists ever have drilled for ice. The ice represents 25,000 years of history. It provides one of the clearest records of ancient weather. European and American scientific teams have been studying ice from the same area to confirm each other s findings. The scientists examine the ice that was formed each year. They measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide in the ice. These measurements tell about the year’s temperature.
     From these measurements, the scientific teams say that the past 10,000 years is the only period during which the weather has not changed very much. Before that time, they believe very large, sudden changes in the weather were common. The ice appears to show that at some periods, earth’s weather changed from very hot to very cold in only ten years.

SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING

It is common nowadays for companies and industries to sponsor big sports events. For example, many companies sponsored the 8th National Games held in Shanghai in 1997. Then, what exactly do companies and industries get out of sponsoring big sports events, such as international games? And why need they do so? 
    There is an obvious answer and a not so obvious one. The obvious answer is that they get known worldwide, particularly if they are the principal sponsor of an event. This is especially important when you consider the number of countries around the world that might show the event on TV. The not so obvious answer is that sponsorship can help firms to save money.
     Then how can they save money in this way? Companies can claim expenditures on sponsorship or “support to sport and the arts” against the amount of tax that they owe. So, if they are going to have to pay tax anyway, why not spend the money on promoting their name or product?
     However, sponsorship is surely a very expensive business. So, how does one decide which events or activities to support? Companies spend a lot of time making sure that they have a perfect match between the products to be represented and the activity that needs sponsorship. Basically, companies have to make sure that the image is right and that the product gets maximum coverage through the event. I mean, you wouldn’t expect a company whose product has a young international image to sponsor a sport that has a following among older people. There are all sorts of reasons behind sponsorship. That’s what the game’s about for those who are trying to sell it.
     There are some important points to consider before aGREeing to sponsor an event. First and foremost, I suppose, is the popularity of the event in go-between,I mean. Events like the World Cup and the Olympics have businesses queuing up to offer sponsorship. There are the big media event: hours and hours of TV and satellite coverage guaranteed all over the world, as well as press coverage and the possibility of photographs that in some way advertise your product. Most events aren’t quite like that though. I suppose you’ve got the national games every four years in China. But most events appeal to only a limited proportion of the potential audience-tennis, for example. Most of the audience there is young, so products for the young are the ones that you would associate with the event recently.   Then how do you match up the product with the event? The most important thing with the smaller event is to identify the audience it’s going to appeal to in this instance, tennis and young people. That should attract drinks manufactures, sports fashion designers, cosmetics producers, and so on. Then you look at the potential coverage in the media. It’s the sort of event that might attract Coca-Cola or Pepsi maybe even McDonalds. 
       In sponsoring sports events, it is not just the media coverage that matters. The important question is whether the people who’ve either been to the event or read about it in the press will be more likely to buy your product as a result. A lot of the advantages of investment in sponsorship are longer-term. People who have possibly read about or watched an event on TV may not even be able to tell you who was sponsoring the event, yet will react favorably if asked to comment on products marketed by the sponsoring company. They have been conditioned in some way. Conditioning the mind is what advertising is about. Believe it or not , straight advertising is a far more expensive way of promoting your image than sponsorship, and what’s more, sponsorship is mostly tax-free.
       To sum up, today we have talked about sponsorship of sports events by companies: the reasons behind and a few related points. I hope this will help you gain some insight into the issue.


PAPER ONE

PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION

SECTION A TALK

  

1.答案:C

【问句译文】使机器噪音小一些的技术如何?

【试题分析】本题为细节区分题。

【详细解答】谈话的第五句说“Now although the idea dates back to the 1930s, it’s on

ly recently that advances in computer technology have made anti-noise a commerci

al possibility.”由此可知,这种方法可追溯到二十世纪30年代,但只是近来才被应用于

商业。因此答案选C。

2.答案:D

【问句译文】现代电子抗噪音设备如何?

【试题分析】本题为推理概括题。

【详细解答】由关键句“The modern electronic anti-noise devices don’t reduce sound.

Instead, sound is used to attack sound.”可知,现代电子抗噪音设备是以噪音抗噪音

的全新原理而设计的,故答案选D。

3.答案:A

【问句译文】下列哪一项不是法国公司的抗噪音技术的应用?

【试题分析】本题为细节题,可用排除法解答。

【详细解答】谈话中专门介绍说,法国公司把这一技术应用于工厂、汽车、飞机,而未提到“

街道”,故选项A为正确答案。

4.答案:B

【问句译文】根据该谈话录音,在安静区的工人们能怎样?

【试题分析】本题为细节题。

【详细解答】在谈到安静区(zones of quiet)时,录音中说“… it cuts noise levels en

ough for somebody inside the zone to hear a conversation from another part of th

e work place. Yet, this is only one-way; shouts from the quiet zone could not be

heard over the factory noise by those outside it, because the rest of the workp

lace remains noisy.”由此可知,“安静区”的工人可以听到外边区域的谈话,而外面却

听不到里面的谈话,故选项B为正确答案。

5.答案:A

【问句译文】这段谈话的主题是什么?

【试题分析】本题为主旨题。

【详细解答】听完全文可知,选项B、C、D都只是录音的某一部分内容,只有选项A能全面地概括全文大意,故为正确答案。



SECTION B INTERVIEW

6.答案:C

【问句译文】美国雇员是按时间付薪金的,那么这就意味着他们该怎样呢?

【试题分析】本题为细节题。

【详细解答】在谈到美国雇员是按时间付薪金时,被采访者说道“So employees are expecte

d to find other work if their own desks are clear, or to help someone else with

his or her work.”由此可知,雇员如果干完了自己的活,就应该去帮助别的人,积极主动

地去找活干。故答案选C。

7.答案:B

【问句译文】灵活的工作时间的一个益处是什么?

【试题分析】本题为细节理解题。

【详细解答】由关键句“And as more women now work it gives more family time.”可知

,灵活的工作时间使得妇女有更多时间呆在家里,故答案选B。

8.答案:D

【问句译文】关于美国的工作合同问题,下列哪一项是不正确的?

【试题分析】本题为细节题。

【详细解答】当采访者问到顾主是否可以无故解雇他时,被采访者说“There are, of course

, legal protections in the US. So employees cannot be unjustly fired without goo

d reasons.”由此可否定美国的劳动合同多数是短期的说法,故答案选D。

9.答案:A

【问句译文】从该采访中可推断出不拘礼节的工作气氛可能会出现在哪类公司?

【试题分析】本题为推理题。

【详细解答】在采访临近尾声时,男士说“But in many establishments with fewer employ

ees the atmosphere is loose and easy with a lot of joking, and teasing, and wand

ering in and out of offices among all levels of employees.”由此可知,在那些雇员

少的公司,也就是小公司会有不拘礼节的工作气氛,故答案选A。

10.答案:D

【问句译文】这次采访主要是关于美国在哪一方面的情况?

【试题分析】本题为主旨题。

【详细解答】从这四个选项来分析,office hierarchies,office conditions和office role

s                         只是office life的各个方面。只有用office life才能较全面

地概括这次采访的内容。故答案选D。




SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST

News Item 1

11.答案:A

【问句译文】参议员多尔对克林顿的反犯罪政策持什么态度?

【试题分析】本题为推理题。

【详细解答】由关键句“…retiring Senator Bob Dole, has repeatedly disapproved of M

r. Clinton’s record on fighting crime.”由此可知,多尔是不赞成克林顿的反犯罪政策

的,故选项A为正确答案。



News Item 2

12.答案:A

【问句译文】日本和美国正在做什么?

【试题分析】本题为细节理解题。

【详细解答】新闻中讲到“At the moment, they are negotiating about photographic fil

m and photographic paper.”由此可知,他们正在就照相用的胶卷和纸进行谈判,故答案

选A。

13.答案:B

【问句译文】新闻似乎在暗示两国间的协议怎样?

【试题分析】本题为推理题。

【详细解答】新闻临近结尾时说“This is certainly not the first dispute and it certa

inly won’t be the last dispute, either.”这里是说这不是美、日两国之间的第一次矛

盾冲突,这次的协议不能作为一个永久性的协议。由此可知,该协议不可能永久性地解决争

端,故答案选B。

   

News Item 3

14.答案:B

【问句译文】根据该新闻,这块来自格陵兰冰块可以提供哪一方面的信息?

【试题分析】本题为主旨题。

【详细解答】在谈到该冰块时,科学家们说“It provides one of the clearest records of

ancient weather.”由此可知,从该冰块可以了解古时候的天气状况。

15.答案:D

【问句译文】下列哪一项陈述是正确的?

【试题分析】本题为细节理解题。

【详细解答】新闻临近结尾时说“…the scientific teams say that the past 10,000 year

s is the only period during which the weather has not changed very much.”由此可

知,那段时期的气候变化不是很大,故选项D为正确答案。



SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING

1.答案:known 

【详细解答】在谈到公司赞助体育时,第一个理由是“The obvious answer is that they ge

t known worldwide,…”故此空应填“known”。

2.答案:save 

【详细解答】公司赞助体育的第二个理由是“The not so obvious answer is that sponsors

hip can help firms to save money.”即帮助公司省钱(save money)。

3.答案:expensive/costly  

【详细解答】由录音中的句子“However, sponsorship is surely a very expensive busine

ss.”可知,赞助体育活动的代价是非常昂贵的,故此处应填写expensive或costly。

4.答案:match    

【详细解答】由录音“Companies spend a lot of time making sure that they have a per

fect match between the products to be represented and the activity that needs sp

onsorship.”可知,公司的产品必须与运动项目相吻合(match)。

5.答案:image

【详细解答】只要听清了关键句“Basically, companies have to make sure that the imag

e is right and that the product gets maximum coverage through the event.”就可知

道,此处应填写image。

6.答案:media    

【详细解答】有录音“There are the big media events: hours and hours of TV and…”可

知,这里指的是大的媒体活动。

7.答案: cosmetics / drinks

【详细解答】在谈到观众的潜在购买力时,录音中举例说“That should attract drinks man

ufactures, sports fashion designers, cosmetics producers, and so on.”由于受prod

ucts一词的限制,此处可填写cosmetics或drinks。

8.答案:favorably    

【详细解答】由录音“…yet will react favorably if asked to comment on products mar

keted by the sponsoring company.”可知,此处应填写favorably。

9.答案:conditioning    

【详细解答】由录音“Conditioning the mind is what advertising is about.”可直接填


写conditioning。

10.答案:expensive

【详细解答】录音临近结尾时说“…straight advertising is a far more expensive way o

f promoting your image than sponsorship,…”由此可知,公司赞助体育比直接做广告要

省钱(less expensive)。

改错
  1.答案:as→like
【详细解答】as our prehistoric human ancestors意为“作为人类史前的祖先那样”,但是 根据上下文,此处应表达的意思是“像人类史前的祖先那样”,故应该将as改为介词like。
  2.答案:supplementing→supplemented 
【详细解答】本句中的分词短语supplementing with animal foods 是定语,修饰 vegetable diet,根据上下文,此处是指“素食被肉食补充”,故应该用过去分词表被动。
  3.答案:and→or 
【详细解答】根据上下文,这里的意思只能是三分之二或多于三分之二,所以不能用表示并列 关系的and,而应该用表示选择关系的or。
  4.答案:in→on 
【详细解答】on average为固定搭配,意为“平均”。
  5.答案:as→whereas/while 
【详细解答】根据上下文意思,这两句话表示的是一种对比关系。故应该改用连词whereas或w hile,引出相反或不同的事实。
  6.答案:for 
【详细解答】provide是及物动词,可以直接连宾语,不需要任何介词。
  7.答案:of
【详细解答】despite是一介词,其后可直接接名词。
  8.答案:half∧→that 
【详细解答】在这里加上that,用来指代前面的blood cholesterol levels,句子结构才完整。
  9.答案:if→though 
【详细解答】根据上下文,这里的主从句关系不是条件,而是让步关系,即“尽管没有人建议 我们回到土著人的生活方式,…”。
  10.答案:for ∧→a 
【详细解答】本句中的a healthier diet表示一种更加健康的饮食。冠词a泛指“一种或一类”。

阅读 A
SECTION A 

TEXT A 

短文大意:本文介绍的是艺术月刊FMR打算在美国出版的原因以及该杂志的特点。
16.答案:A
【参考译文】Ricci为何计划在美国版的FMR上登载更多美国艺术品?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】短文第二段倒数第二句说“The English-language edition will include more American works, Ricci says, to help Americans get over ‘an inferiority complex about their art’.”由此可知,登载更多美国艺术品是为了帮助美国人树立自信心,因 为他们对其没有太长历史的文化艺术而感到自卑。故选项A为正确答案。

17.答案:B
【参考译文】本文将Ricci和哥伦布相比的主要原因是什么?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。
【详细解答】众所周知,哥伦布是一位探险家,他发现了美洲大陆,而Ricci是想要开拓美国 的艺术杂志市场,是一位商业探索者。因此他们同是探索者,故答案选B。

18.答案:D
【参考译文】我们对美国杂志FMR的印象如何?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。
【详细解答】短文倒数第二段说“In addition, he seems to be pursuing his won eclecti c vision without giving a moment’s thought to such established competitors as Co nnosisseur and Horizon.”即该杂志的编辑方式不同于其他艺术杂志,故选项D“追求自己 独特的艺术风格”为正确答案。

TEXT B 

短文大意:本文主要介绍了Geoff舅舅对于英国发展史的看法。

19.答案:B
【参考译文】根据Geoff舅舅的观点,只有怎样做才能恢复国力?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】 Geoff舅舅在写给报社的信中提到“The only way to regain our punch, our character, our lost virtues, and with them the freedom natural to islanders, is to compost our land so as to allow moulds, bacteria and earthworms to remake liv ing soil to nourish Englishmen’s bodies and spirits.”由此可知,Geoff舅舅认为英 国的兴衰与使用天然肥料是成正比的,故选项B“使用天然肥料”为正确答案。

20.答案:A
【参考译文】本文作者很可能是什么语气?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。
【详细解答】通读全文可知,作者在描述Geoff舅舅时用的语言幽默风趣,充满了诙谐、嘲弄 的语气。故选项A“滑稽可笑的”为正确答案。

TEXT C  

短文大意:本文主要介绍的是面试者如何做好面试的准备工作。

21.答案:C
【参考译文】Brenda Stevens女士建议求职者在求职前应该怎样?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】短文第三段第二句说“Brenda Stevens speaks of the value of getting stud ents‘to deconstruct the advertisement, see what they can offer to that school, and that situation, and then write the letter, do their CVs and criticize each o ther’s.’”由此可知,面试训练班的目的是让学生对所处场面的了解,故Brenda Stevens 女士建议求职者在求职前应该是C“彻底了解所处的场面”。

22.答案:A
【参考译文】承认自己工作中的一些弱点是否明智?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。
【详细解答】短文第十段第三句说“The experts aGREe you should recognize your weaknes ses and offer a strategy for overcoming them.”这里以专家的观点说明应聘者应该正 视自己的弱点,并且要有克服它们的策略。故答案选A。

23.答案:B
【参考译文】对于面试者提出的古怪问题,应聘者最好的应对方法是什么?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。
【详细解答】短文第十一段谈到如果面试者提出愚蠢问题时,应聘者应该“Do not be thrown , have ways of circumnavigating it, and never, ever let them see that you think they have said something foolish.” 即应试者应从侧面巧妙地避开问题,并且千万不要 让面试者看出你认为他们问了愚蠢的问题。故选项B为正确答案。

24.答案:C
【参考译文】校长所提的建议如何?
【试题分析】本题为归纳总结题。
【详细解答】短文中共列出了校长提出的九点建议,均是关于具体处理问题的办法,故选项C “实用的”为最佳答案。

TEXT D  

短文大意:本文主要对新加坡的“赡养父母议案”的讨论。
25.答案:D
【参考译文】“赡养父母议案”如何?
【试题分析】本题为细节理解题。
【详细解答】短文首句说“This month Singapore passed a bill that would give legal t eeth to the moral obligation to support one’s parents.”由此可知,选项D“该议案 的通过是为了让年轻人对老年人更尽义务”为正确答案。

26.答案:A
【参考译文】作者引用老年人比例不断上升,似乎是在暗示什么?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。
【详细解答】短文通过具体数字告诉我们,在新加坡确实存在老龄人口比例增大的问题,这所 带来的影响是:“It is that the ratio of economically active people to economical ly inactive people will decline.”即国家将面临严重的经济问题。故选项A为正确答案 。

27.答案:B
【参考译文】下列哪一种说法是正确的?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】短文第七段第二句说“A father can be compelled by law to maintain his c hildren.”这与B的说法一致,故选项B为正确答案。

28.答案:C
【参考译文】作者似乎在暗示传统价值观怎样?
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】短文第九段首句说“The Maintenance of Parents Bill was put forth to enc ourage the traditional virtues that have so far kept Asian nations from some of the breakdowns encountered in other affluent societies.”这里是说亚洲国家的传统 美德使得他们有别于那些富有的国家,这表明传统美德在保持亚洲国家的特色方面起着重要 作用,故答案选C。

29.答案:A
【参考译文】作者认为如果这项议案成为法律的话,它将会产生怎样的效果?
【试题分析】本题为推理题。
【详细解答】短文第十段最后一句说“If it does indeed become law, the bill’s effect would be far more subtle.” 在接下来的几段里,作者讲到赡养父母是个人的责任,并非 社会的责任。而有些人碍于情面,不得不重新考虑赡养父母的问题。因此该议案起到了间接 的作用。故选项A为正确答案。

30.答案:D
【参考译文】在文章的结尾部分,作者似乎在暗示该议案的成功有赖于什么?
【试题分析】本题为总结题。
【详细解答】文章的最后一句说“Those of us who pushed for the bill will consider ou rselves most successful if it acts as an incentive not to have it invoked in the first place.” 这句话表明该议案是否成功要看它能否激励人们维护传统道德观念,而不 是首先考虑对簿公堂,故选项D“孝顺意识”为正确答案。


阅读 B

TEXT E  

短文大意:这是一封回信,主要是对世界银行工作中存在的问题进行辩解。

31.答案:D

【参考译文】写这封信的目的是什么?

【试题分析】本题为主旨题。

【详细解答】信的第二句说“But that statement fails to take account of the Bank’s c riteria for ‘success’, which are exceptionally strict.”指出了写信人没有考虑到银 行的成功标准,接着列举一些具体数字来阐述这一观点。在第二段展开了更加深入的论述。 因此,该信的目的是为了澄清对世界银行的误解。故答案选D。

TEXT F  

短文大意:本文主要论述的是发达国家对发展中国家的农业援助的危害性。

32.答案:C

【参考译文】作者的主要论点是什么?

【试题分析】本题为主旨题。

【详细解答】短文第一段倒数第二句说“In this sense, aid received in the form of agr icultural commodities hurts the developing countries and benefits developed coun tries mere than proportionately.”由此可知,接受发达国家以农产品形式的援助,危害 的是发展中国家的利益,受益的是发达国家。接着在第二段以中国为例,证明了该论点,故 选项C“农产品形式的援助不利于发展中国家的经济”为正确答案。

TEXT G 

短文大意:本文旨在说明写作“牛仔工作文化”一书的目的。

33.答案:B

【参考译文】这篇文章最有可能源自何处?

【试题分析】本题为推理题。

【详细解答】本文分别阐述了写作该书的三个目的,用的是第一人称。由此可知这是对自己所 写的“牛仔工作文化”一书的评论。故选项B为正确答案。

TEXT H  

短文大意:这是一封回信,东方航空公司总裁在信中驳斥了某报社对该公司的评论。

34.答案:A

【参考译文】写信者对报社的评论持什么态度?

【试题分析】本题为推理题。

【详细解答】信的开头便说“In your editorial on August 31st, there seems to be some confused thinking in …”表明作者不同意报社的评论,接着作者对报社的观点一一进行 了反驳。故选项A“反驳”为正确答案。

TEXT I  

短文大意:本文主要介绍的是美国科学家计算机领域的最新进展情况。

35.答案:D

【参考译文】目前的计算机比1952年的ILLIAC型计算机的运算速度快多少?

【试题分析】本题为推理题。

【详细解答】短文第三段第二句说“Its processing speed was about 50 kilohertz compar ed with 200 megahertz-that’s 200,000 kilohertz for today’s computers.”由此句可 知,当时的速度为50千赫兹,现在的是200,000千赫兹,那么现在的速度是当时的4,000倍 。故答案选D。

36.答案:B

【参考译文】NCSA(全国超级计算机应用中心)的发展目标是什么?

【试题分析】本题为细节题。

【详细解答】在短文的第八段,NCSA公司的董事长Larry Smart说“What we’re looking for is a national system in which the networks are 100 times GREater than the Intern et today, and the supercomputers are 100 times more powerful”即我们所期望的是一 种全国性的网络系统,其运作速度比目前的因特网要快100倍,故选项B“一个更加强大的全 国系统”为正确答案。

TEXT J  

短文大意:本文通过介绍日语中两个词的起源,说明了日本百货商店受到本国文化和外国文 化的双重影响。

37.答案:B

【参考译文】depato在日本指的是什么?

【试题分析】本题为细节题。

【详细解答】短文第一段说“The Japanese have two words for the modern department sto res that abound in large urban areas. The older word, hyakkaten, which is seldom  used in daily speech, …The more recent and more commonly used word is depato ( from the English ‘department store’ ).”由此可知,在日本有两个词用来表示大城市中 的百货商店,hyakkaten是过去用的,最近常用的是depato,因此选项B为正确答案。

38.答案:D

【参考译文】在梅奇时代,日本顾客认为depato是怎样的购物场所?

【试题分析】本题为细节题。

【详细解答】短文第三段第三句说“The Meiji depato were soon perceived by Japanese c ustomers as glamorous places to shop because of their Western imports, which the Japanese were eager to see and buy.”由此可知,当时的日本顾客把depato看成是富有 魅力的场所,故选项D“有吸引力的”为正确答案。

TEXT K  

短文大意:本文主要介绍的是在开罗召开的第三届国际人口与发展会议的一些情况。

39.答案:D

【参考译文】国际发展署是一个什么样的组织?

【试题分析】本题为细节题。

【详细解答】短文第四段第二句说“The National Statistics Office recently published the results of the 1993 National Demographic Survey(NDS), which happens to have been funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development.” 这句话告诉我们说 “NDS的基金是由美国的国际发展署提供的”,由此可知,国际发展署是一个美国的一个组 织,故答案选D。

40.答案:C

【参考译文】根据全国人口普查的统计数据,从1960年到1993年,菲律宾妇女生育小孩的平均 数量下降了多少?

【试题分析】本题为细节题?

【详细解答】短文倒数第二段第二句说“The total fertility rote——the number of babi es the average woman bears over her lifetime——has dropped to 4.1 in 1993 from 6.4 in 1960.”由此可知,从1960年到1993年,菲律宾妇女生育小孩的减少率由6.4减少到4 1,其差为2.3,故选项C为正确答案。

翻译
part A
参考译文:

The glory of Vancouver has been achieved through the wisdom and the industry of the Vancouver people, including the contributions of many ethnic groups. Canada, sparsely populated, has a territory larger  than that of China, but its population is only less than 30 million. Consequently, to attracting immigrants from other countries has become a national policy long practiced/followed/cherished by Canada. All Canadians except the American Indians, so to speak, are foreign immigrants, differing only in the length of time they have settled in Canada. Vancouver, in particular, is one of the few most celebrated multi-ethnic cities in the world. Among the 1.8 million Vancouver residents, half of them are non-natives and one out of every four residents is from Asia. The 250,000 Chinese there have played a decisive role in the transformation of Vancouver's economy. Half of them have come to settle in Vancouver  over the past five years only, rendering Vancouver the largest area outside Asia where the Chinese inhabit

Part B
参考译文:

在某些社会中,人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因:传宗接代,光宗耀祖,讨好祖辈,使那些涉及到家庭的宗教仪式得以正常进行。此类原因在现代世俗化的社会中似显苍白,但它们在其他地方曾一度构成并确实仍在构成强有力的理由。
  此外,有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共通之处,这便是:生儿育女是为了维系或改善婚姻:能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于无所事事;修复或重振婚姻;多子多孙,以为家庭幸福惟有此法。这一点更可以由其反 面得到昭示:在某些社会中,无法生儿育女(或无法生育男孩)对婚姻而言是一种威胁,还可作为离婚的现成借口。
  后代对于家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义远非如此。对许多人来说,夫妻两人尚不足以构成一个真正意义上的家庭——夫妻需要孩子来丰富其两人小天地,赋予该小天地以真正意义上的家庭性质,并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。
  孩子需要家庭,但家庭似乎也需要孩子。家庭作为一种社会机构,以其特有的方式,至少从原则上说,可在一个变幻莫测、常常是充满敌意的世界中让人从中获取某种安全、慰藉、保障,以及价值取向。

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