英语句子中的一些通常较晚出现的成分需要移至句首来表示强调时，会引起倒装。最通常引起倒装的是某些状语的前置。倒装的类型有两种：全部倒装和部分倒装。
一、全部倒装
全部倒装是指把整个谓语置于主语前。引起全部倒装的情况有：
1、当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为go， come，rush等表示位置转移的动词，而主语又非代词时，句子通常用全部倒装。如：
The door burst open and in rushed the crowd．
2、当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子也会用全部倒装。如：
In this passage will be found a correct answer．
3、当表语位于句首表示强调时，主谓语要进行全部倒装。（但如果主语是人称代词时，句子也可用正常语序。）如：
Lying there was a boy aged about seven．
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是将系动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。引起部分倒装的情况有：
1、当某些具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，该句要进行部分倒装。常见的该类副词有：never，seldom，rarely， not，nowhere，by no means，in vain，in no circumstances等。例如：
Never have I found him in such a good mood．
2、以含有否定意义的关联词开头的句子或分句，往往引起部分倒装。常见的该类副词有：not only．．．but also，neither．．．（nor），no sooner．．．than，hardly．．．when等。例如：
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience in- terrupted him．
3、句首状语若由“only”修饰，也会引起部分倒装。如：
Only in this way can you solve the problem．
4、以关联词so开头的句子，通常会引起部分倒装。如：
So small was the mark that I could hardly see it．
英语的倒装也会用在以下情况：
1、虚拟条件状语从句如果省略连词if，主语和谓语动词需要倒装。如：
Had I been（＝If I had been）in that situation，I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money．
2、在as引导的让步状语从句中，主语是名词，表语放在句首，主语和谓语动词一般需要倒装（也可不进行倒装）；如果主语是人称代词，则用正常语序。如：
Small as the atom is，we can smash it．
3、表示愿望或祝愿的感叹句也要倒装。如：
May you be lucky！
请做以下练习：
1． _______ prosperous and strong！
［A］Let our city to become
［B］Hope our city becoming
［C］May our city become
［D］Our city it becoming
2．Not only _______ a promise，but he also kept it．
［A］he made ［B］did he make
［C］he makes［D］have he made
3．On no account _______ be taken out of the library．
［A］reference books may ［B］reference books
［C］reference books cannot［D］may reference books
4．_______ did Frank realize that there was danger．
［A］When he entered the store
［B］After he had entered the store
［C］Upon entering the store
［D］Only after entering the store
5．_______ was her anger that her face turned red．
［A］GREat ［B］So ［C］It ［D］Such
6．Look！____________．
［A］Here the bus comes［B］The bus comes here
［C］Here comes the bus［D］Comes here the bus
7．Only later _______ what a terrible thing had happened．
［A］they realized ［B］did they realize
［C］do they realize ［D］have they realized
8．_______，it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with a
drilling tool．
［A］As stone is hard［B］Although hard stone is
［C］Hard as stone is［D］However stone is hard
Answers：1—5 CBDDD 6—8 CBC
南昌陆军学院 燕忠忙
