such...that...与such...as...这两个结构看起来很相似,但用法和意思却不相同,如果稍不注意,很容易用错。试析如下:
一、such...that...的意思是“如此……以至于……”,that是连词,引导的是结果状语从句。在这一结构中,that不能引导定语从句。such后可直接跟名词,也可以跟形容词+名词。例如:
1.It gave him such a shock that his face turned white.这使他如此震惊以至于脸都变白了。
2.Itis such a smallmatter thatIdo notwantto mentionit.那么小的一件事,我不想再提了。
※实际上,such...that...结构是so...that...结构的变形,若表示原因的部分是形容词或副词,需用so。例如:
3.He was so young that you must excuse him.他那么年轻,你要原谅他。
4.My mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.我母亲住得那么远,我们几乎见不到她。
二、such...as...的意思是“像……那样……”。as是关系代词,引导的是定语从句。在这一结构中,as不可以用其它关系词来代替。例如:
1.We have such grapes as you never saw.我们的那些葡萄你们从未见过。
※such有时不放在所修饰的名词之前,而与as连在一起用。如:
2.We had hoped to give you a chance such as nobody else ever had.我们本来希望给你一次别人从未有过的机会。
※这种句型有时可起贬低作用。例如:
3.Such little money as he earned was spent on spirits and tobacco.他挣的那点钱都用来喝酒、吸烟了。
※有时as引导的定语从句省略了谓语部分,只剩下主语,其意义与like相似,但用法却不同,like是介词,后面不跟从句,若是代词,需用宾格。试比较:
4.I don't like to work with such a man as he(is)/a man like him.
※注意:无论“such...that...”结构还是“such...as...”结构,若是such后跟“形容词+单数名词”,such也可以用so代替,但不定冠词的位置不同。例如:
5.Here is such a big stone /so big a stone thatno man can lift it.