courage, there are others. Compassion is one of these. Tentatively it can be sug-
gested that this is the main influence upon those who urge the abolition of capital
punishment. It is recognition of compassion's part that leads the upholders of
capital punishment to accuse the abolitionists of sentimentality in being more
sorry for the murderer than for his victim. This is nonsense but with it some
organs of the popular Press played upon the emotions of their readers so success-
fully that many candidates for Parliament were afraid to support abolition for
fear of losing votes and the result was the muddle-headed Homicide Act of 1957
which made murder with robbery a capital crime and allowed the poisoner to
escape the gallows. That illogical qualification shows how flimsy is the argument
that capital punishment is a deterrent to murder. The poisoner always works on
a calculated plan of action and therefore is able to consider whether or not his
taking another's life is worth the risk of his own; the violent thief is usually at
the mercy of an instant emotion. The only arguable plea for capital punishment
is the right of society to retribution in this world with the prospect of life in
another, but since what used to seem to the GREat majority of civilized humanity
the assurance of another life beyond the grave has come to seem to more and
more people less certain, a feeling for the value of human life has become deeper
and more widespread. This may seem a paradoxical claim to make at a time when
mankind is so much preoccupied with weapons of destruction. Nevertheless, it
is a claim that can be sustained and if compassion animates those who urge the
abolition of the death penalty it is not a sentimental compassion for the mental
agony inflicted upon a condemned man but a dread of destroying the miracle of
life.
When in the eighteenth century offences against the law that today would no
earn a month in prison were punished with the death penalty, the severity of the
penal code had no serious effect on the prevalence of crime. When it made no
difference to the fate of a highwayman whether he had killed his victim or merely
robbed him of a few pieces of silver, there were no more murders then than there
were when men like Sir Fraricis Burdett succeeded in lightening the excessive
severity of the penal laws. In those days the sacredness of life on earth was not
greatly regarded because a life in the world to come was taken for granted except
by a comparatively small minotity of philosophers.
Nor was the long-drawn ordeal of the condemned cell inflicted either upon
the condemned man or his gaolers once upon a time. Those who believe in capital
punishment may have arguments for its retention, but surely no reasonable
argument can be found for retention of the sickening mumbo-jumbo that accom-
panies it from the moment that the judge dons the black cap with what looks like
a pen-wiper balanced on the top of his wig, to the reading of the burial service
over the condemned man before he is dead. Moreover, it was more merciful to
launch the condemned man into eternity twenty-four hours after he was sen-
tenced than to keep him shivering on the brink of that dread gulf for nearly three
weeks. Hanging is an atrociously archaic way of killing a human being and the
self-satisfied modernity of the electric chair is just as atrocious. The administra-
tion of a strong sleeping draught to the condemned man every night from which
one night he does hot awake, seems a more civilized alternative to our present
barbarous procedure, if capital punishment through the influence of backward
minds be retained.
