定语从句(attributive clause)是英语语法中一项重要的学习内容?正确选择关系代词是掌握定语从句的关键?关系代词that 和which均可指代先行词是事物的名词或代词,此时两者可互换,但有时that和which的使用场合并不相同?具体介绍如下:
一 关系代词that的使用
1. 先行词是all, anything, everything, nothing等,关系代词应用that?
That’s all that I know.
2. 先行词前有the only, the same, the very 或no, little, much, any, every, all 等修饰时,关系代词应用that?
This is the only reason that I can say.
3. 先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词常用that?
The first thing that we should do is to help him.
4. 当先行词同时含有"人"或"物"时,关系代词应用that?
Can you see a man and his horse that are crossing the bridge?
5. 在固定结构the same...that...; so...that...; such...that...以及it is/was...that...的强调句型中,须用that?
This is the same museum that you once visited.
6. 如主句以there be开头时,关系代词应用that?
There is a house that has two windows.
7. 当一个句子中含有两个定语从句时,如前一个已用关系代词which,后一个关系代词宜用that, 避免重复?但两个定语从句的结构如果平行,应重复同一个关系代词?
I’ll borrow a book which tells about the heroic deeds that the PLA did in the battles against the invaders.
He told me to read a book that is very short, and that is very interesting.
8. that还可引导同位语从句,which则不能?
He told me the news that they would come to see me.
二 关系代词which的使用
1. 非限制性定语从句中关系代词一般要用which?
She was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a GREat honour.
2. 关系代词前如有介词,关系代词须用 which?如把介词移至句末,可用that(或省略)?
There’s only one problem about which they disaGREe.
This is the book(that)she was looking for.
3. 如果先行词是that,关系代词应用 which?
I have that which you gave me.
4. 如先行词和定语从句之间被其它较长的成分分隔,常用which?
Larry told her the story of the young airman which I narrated at the beginning of this book. (先行词为story)
5. 在"those+复数形式的名词"结构中,其后的关系代词多用which?
A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.
6. 一个句子中如有两个定语从句,第一个定语从句用了关系代词that,第二个从句中的关系代词宜用which?但在平行结构中,应重复同一个关系代词?
This is the book that you bought which you have lost.
I have a house which is located on the hillside, which faces the south.
