同学们,动词时态是初中阶段非常重要的语法项目,时态的运用影响着我们平时的口语交流、书面表达及阅读理解。因此,中考试题也多与动词时态“牵手”,并且,题型多变,题量较大。如果对动词时态的判断、运用不能了如指掌,是难以在中考中取胜的。下面就动词时态的判断及运用结合中考试题进行讲练,以期同学们对动词时态有一个全面的了解(本文所选试题均为2002年各省市中考试题)。
一、动词时态的判断
初中阶段要求掌握一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时、一般将来时等五种时态。但从近几年各省市中考试题来看,对过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时也有考查,也同样重要。下面咱们来列表比较这八种时态。
动词时态 |
意 义 |
标 志 词 |
构 成 |
举 例 验 证 |
一般现在时 |
经常或习惯上做某件事或存在的状态。 |
always, often, |
主语+动词 |
We have |
现在进行时 |
现在正发生的事或存在的状态。 |
Look! listen! Now... |
主语+be |
Look! She is |
现在完成时 |
过去做的事对现在的影响或结果;过去发生的事一直持续到现在。 |
just, already, yet, |
主语+have |
We have already |
一般过去时 |
过去的动作或状态。 |
yesterday, last week |
主语+动词过 |
He had no time |
过去进行时 |
过去正在干的事或存在的状态。 |
at this time |
主语+be |
Our parents |
一般将来时 |
以后要发生的事或存在的状态。 |
tomorrow, next week |
主语+be |
They are going |
过去将来时 |
过去时间里要发生的事或存在的状态。 |
常用在一般过去时 |
主语+ |
She said she |
过去完成时 |
过去的过去 |
by the end of last |
主语+had+动词过去分词 |
|
[时态区别疑难点]
1.一般现在时与现在进行时:
一般现在时表示的动作的时间不受限制或不确定,现在进行时表示动作的短暂性或有限度的持续性。请比较:
①Father works 48 hours every week.(指长期性的工作)
Don't make a noise.Father is working.(指目前的工作)
②I usually wear sport shoes.(经常性的动作)
I'm not wearing sport shoes today.(暂时的情况)
瞬间动词用于进行时表示动作的重复,用于一般现在时表示动作的短暂性。如:
The boy is jumping with joy.那孩子高兴地跳着。
Jack shoots for the goal.杰克射门。
2.一般过去时与现在完成时:一般过去时不涉及对现在的影响,动作一般也不能延续。试比较:
His sister was in the schoolfor eight years.(现在已不在学校)
His sister has been in the school for eight years.(现在仍在学校)
一般过去时的时间状语只指过去而不涉及现在,但现在完成时常与不确定的或包括现在在内的时间状语连用。如:
The man was in prison in 1932.(具体的过去时间)
He has been in prison since 1932.(从过去到现在)
有些时间状语this morning,for a year等,既可以用于一般过去时,又可用于现在完成时,但在意义上有差别。如:
I ate two eggs this morning.(说话时是早晨以后)
I have eaten two eggs this morning.(说话时仍是早晨)
She learned English for 6years.(动作已成为过去)
She has learned English for 6years.(动作刚结束或还在继续)
上面的试题你做对了吗?
二、时态的运用
时态的运用一般要注意下面几种情况:
(一)时态运用,前呼后应。一般是要求主从句前后呼应,原则是:主句是过去时,从句用过去的相应时态;主句是现在时或将来时,从句可根据句意确定时态。具体地说,应注意下面几个问题。
1.注意as soon as,if引导的条件状语从句,若主句是将来时(也可为祈使句),从句一般用现在时。如:
I'll write to you as soon as I get to Beijing.
Please let me know if you have time.
但if连接宾语从句时不受此限制。如:
I want to know if he had breakfast.
2.when,while引导的时间状语从句,从句为过去时,主句常用过去进行时。如:
When I arrived home,my mother was cooking.
另外,while引导的状语从句也可以用进行时,表示动作同时进行。如:
Tom was reading while Kate was writing last night.
3.若宾语从句表示的是客观真理,其时态不受主句时态的限制。如:
The teacher told me the earth goes around the sun.
(二)时态的特殊性
1.come,go,arrive,leave,start等动词,在表示将来发生的动作时,常用进行时。如:
I'm coming at once.They are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
2.want,hope,think等动词用一般现在时表示将来。如:
I want to go to Tonghua next week.
3.used to只有过去时,表示“过去常……”。如:
He used to smoke.他过去常抽烟。
4.第一人称的将来时还可用shall(should)表达。如:
Shall we go to the park?
5.always也可用于进行时,表示厌烦、赞扬、惊讶等感情。如:
He was always doing that.他老是那样做。
6.在完成时中,要注意瞬间动词与延续动词的转换。如:
They borrowed the book two weeks ago.→They have kept the book for two weeks.
[及时贴]buy—have,join—be in/be a member,leave—be away,arrive—be here,begin—be on,come back—be back,die—be dead,fall asleep—be asleep,get up—be up等。
7.注意:there be...句型的时态变化:
There is(are).../There will be.../ There was(were)...等。
[直击中考题]
1.I will let you know about it as soon as ____ the news.[北京海淀区]
A.will get
B.gets
C.got
D.get
2.Do you know if ____ back next week?If he ____ back,please let me know.
A.he comes;will come[黑龙江]
B.will he come;comes
C.he will come;comes
D.will he come;will come.
3.We ____ if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
A.come
B.came
C.will come[武汉市]
4.There ____ a sports meeting in our school next week.[南昌市]
A.will hold
B.will have
C.is going to be
D.is going to hold
5.The people upstairs ____ when I ____ to sleep last night.[枣庄市]
A.danced;was going
B.were dancing;got
C.had danced;went
D.are dancing;get
Key:
动词时态牵手中考试题 :1—5 D C C C B