浅谈英语中的替代(三)

    四、分句性替代     
    用替代词替代一个或数个句子.
    1. this, the following
this可指前面提到过的事物,也可指后面将提之事;the following 表示"下列,如下".
    Later, computers were utilized to work out war plans. Later yet, they were installed for application in aircraft, cruisers, destroyers, and tanks. All this contributed GREatly to the success of warfare. 
    Please send me the following goods: two pounds of sugar, one pound of butter, and a bag of flour.
    2. so/not 作替代词
    a. so/not 取代that-分句,通常带有不甚确定的含义——既不肯定,也不否定,常与I'm afraid, believe, expect, fear, guess, hope, suppose, think等词语搭配.在能作转移否定的结构中,用 I don't think so, I don't suppose so更加自然.在表示明显肯定语气或怀疑口气的简短反应中,通常不用so/not.
    A:Do you think he'll come tomorrow?
    B: Yes, I think so. 
    A: Are the girls coming to the party?
    B: I'm sure they are / I'm sure of it.
    ( I doubt if they are / I doubt it. )
     b. so/not 替代分句与从属连词if搭配,构成无动词条件分句if so, if not.
    We are told that he will come tonight,and if so,our meeting will be held tomorrow. If not, there won't be any meeting tomorrow. 
    c. 分句替代词not可与perhaps,possibly,probably,certainly,surely等表示情态意义的副词搭配,构成某些缩略语;与why搭配,构成缩略疑问句why not;但通常不与say,tell等动词搭配,除非主语是作类指的人称代词.
    A: Is your brother going with you?
    B: Perhaps not.
    A: I didn't stop him. 
    B: Why not?