【考点梳理】
初中阶段我们所学的状语从句主要包括:if引导的条件状语从句;when引导的时间状语从句;because引导的原因状语从句等。中考重点考查时间状语从句及条件状语从句的时态。即:条件状语从句和时间状语从句不用将来时表将来,而用一般现在时表将来。其用法常用于这几种结构:①当主句是一般将来时时;② 当主句是祈使句时;③当主句的谓语动词含有can, may, must等情态动词时; ④ 当主句的谓语动词是hope, wish(希望),want等动词时。对状语从句的考查要依题意选择连接词,尤其还要注意时态的变化。
中考重点考查宾语从句的时态及语序。宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序(即主。谓的语序);宾语从句的时态要和主句时态相呼应。当主句谓语动词是过去时的时候,宾语从句也要用相应的过去时态(即一般过去时。过去进行时。过去将来时或过去完成时)。具体来说:
1、如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,则从句谓语动词用一般过去时或过去进行时。如:
① He knew that he was (不用is) wrong. 他知道他错了。
② Li Lei told me that he was getting ready for the exam these days. 李雷告诉我这些日子他正准备考试。
2、如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之后,则从句谓语动词用过去将来时。如:
③ My father said in the letter that he would (不用will) come to see me. 我父亲在信中说他将来看我。
3、如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之前,则从句须用过去完成时。如:
④ He told me what he had seen(不用has seen). 他告诉了我他所看到的东西。
另外,须注意Could you...。引导的句式,在这里不是表示过去时态,而是表示客气的请求。如:Could you tell me how I can (不用could)get to the post office。
如果宾语从句表示的是一个客观事实或真理时,其时态不受主句限制,而用一般现在时。如:
⑤ Our teacher said light travels faster than sound. 我们老师说光比声音传播得快。
⑥ Mother told me the earth goes round the sun. 妈妈告诉我地球绕着太阳转。
从句中有具体的表示过去的时间状语时,其时态不受主句限制而仍用一般过去时。如:
⑦ Uncle Wang said that he was born in 1947. 王叔叔说他生于1947年。
⑧ He told me that our Party was founded in 1921. 他告诉我我党是在1921年成立的。
近年来,不少中考题是将两类从句(宾语从句与状语从句) 综合起来考查的。我们所学的知识中,if和when既可引导宾语从句,也可引导状语从句,两者容易混淆。请看:
⑨ I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.
⑩ I don't know if the train has arrived.
句⑨中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示"条件",修饰主句。整个句子的意思是"如果明天天气好,我们就出去。"句⑩中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词don't know的宾语。整个句子的意思是"我不知道火车是否到了。"
从整个句式看,状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(除个别外),而宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
从引导词看,if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,词义为"是否";充当从属连词,引导条件状语从句时,词义为"如果"。when充当宾语从句的连接词时,词义为"什么时候";充当从属连词,引导时间状语从句时,词义为"当……的时候"。
从时态看,if和when作连接词,引导宾语从句时,应注意:宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的谓语动词的时态作相应的变化;if和when充当从属连词,引导表示将来动作或状态的条件状语从句或时间状语从句时,若主句中的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来。
【考题分类】
I.宾语从句专练
A.句型转换
1. When does the train arrive。 Please tell me. (改为宾语从句)
Please tell me________ ________ ________ ________. (哈尔滨)
2. What does he do。 Do you know。 (改为宾语从句)
Do you know________he________。 (呼和浩特)
3. Do they want fried chicken。 He asked the boys.( 改为宾语从句)
He asked the boys____ ____they ________fried chicken.(福州)
4. Was the watch made in Shanghai。 I don't know.( 改为宾语从句)
I don't know__ ____the watch________made in Shanghai.(贵阳)
5. A. "Do you want to try something new。" Tom's mother asked him.(同义句转换)
B. Tom's mother asked him________ ________ ________to try something new.(济南)
B.选择题
6. No one tells us________, so we need your help.
A. how should we do
B. what should we do
C. how to do it
D. what to do it (江苏盐城)
7. Could you tell me________。
A .where do you live
B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for
D. where you live in (大连)
8. Do you still remember________。
A. that he said B. what he said
C. did he say that D. what did he say (辽宁)
9. I can't understand________the boy alone.
A. why she left B. why did she leave
C. why had she left D. why she had left (南京)
II.状语从句专练
A.句型转换
1. a) You must be quick. If not, you'll miss the early bus.
b) ________quick, ________ you'll miss the early bus.(呼和浩特)
2. a) Jim's mother let him watch TV after he finished his homework.
b) Jim's mother________let him watch TV until he finished his homework. (福建泉州)
3. a) If you don't help me, I can't finish my work on time.
b) ________ ________help, I can't finish my work on time. (山东聊城)
4. a) If you play basketball here, you may break the windows.
b) ____ __play basketball here,________ you may break the windows. (辽宁)
B.选择题
5. If she________take enough exercise, she will be ill.
A. isn't B. don't C. won't D. doesn't(福建泉州)
6. If he________early tomorrow , he won't miss the first bus.
A. don't leave B. leaves C. will leave D. leave (青海)
7. He________wait until the rain________.
A. won't, will stop B. won't, stop
C. will, stops D. will, will stop (南京)
III. 宾语从句和状语从句的综合考查专练
1. —Mike wants to know if__ ____a picnic tomorrow.
—Yes. But if it__ ____, we'll visit the museum instead.
A. you have; will rain
B. you will have; will rain
C. you will have; rains
D. will you have; rains (河北)
2. —Can you guess if they________to play basketball with us?
—I think they'll come if they________ free.
A. come; are B. will come; will be
C. will come; are D. come; will be (辽宁)
3. I don't know if he________tomorrow. If he________, I'll meet him.
A. will come; comes B. comes; comes
C. will come; will come D. comes; will come (山东威海)
4. I don't know if it________tomorrow. If it________, I will not go fishing.
A. rains; rains B. rains; will rain
C. will rain; rains D. will rain; will rain (呼和浩特)
参考答案：
I. A. 1.when the train arrives 2. what, does 3. if / whether, wanted 4. if / whether, was
5. if / whether he wanted B. 6—9 CBBD
II. A. 1. Be, or 2.didn't 3. Without your 4. Don't, or B. 5—7 DBC
III. 1—4 ccac
