18)表示原因的介词:
①because of表示引起结果的直接原因,意义与连词because相同。例如:
He retired last month because of illness/because he was ill.
上个月他因病退休了。
②for表示内在的、心理上的原因,常与表示喜、怒、哀、乐等情感名词连用;还可表示某种动作或结果的起因。连词for也可表示某种结果的补充理由或显而易见的原因。例如:
He trembled for fear.
他怕得发抖。
Thank you for your help.
谢谢你的帮助。
When he was still a young man,he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.
他还是青年时就因为政治原因离开了他的祖国。
③by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。例如:
Her body was bent by age.
岁月使得她的腰弯了。
The general died by his own hand.
将军自杀了。
She took your umbrella by mistake.
她错拿了你的雨伞。
④at表示某种情绪或动作的起因,多与"喜,怒,哀,乐"等义的词连用,常译作"听到……","看到……"。例如:
The whole nation was in deep sorrow at the news.
听到这个消息,全国人民极为悲痛。
He jumped at the news.
听到这个消息,他蹦了起来。
⑤on表示能作为依据或条件的原因,常译为"依照……"。例如:
He has given up smoking on medical advice.
他遵照医生的劝告已经把烟戒了。
⑥of和from表原因时常与die或类似意义的词连用。die of指因疾病、冻饿、或害怕、羞愧等内因或外因造成的死亡结果;die from表示因伤、事故等外因或不明原因造成的死亡。与疾病名词连用时,二者均可。from还可表示懒惰等造成某种后果的原因。例如:
His son having been killed in the war,the man died of a broken heart.
儿子死于战争后,老人也因伤心过度而亡。
In big cities during cold winter months,many old people die from the polluted air.
寒冷的冬天,大城市里的许多老人死于污染的空气。
She died of/from cancer.
她死于癌症。
He wasn't ill;he stayed in bed from laziness.
他没病,他躺在床上只是偷懒。
⑦with指生理上或情感上的外界到内心的原因,意为"随着……"。例如:
The man bent with age.
随着年龄的增大那人的背弯了。Gessler turned red with anger.盖斯勒气得脸都红了。
⑧owing to,相当于because of,多表示引起某种不良后果的原因。例如:
Owing to the rain they could not come.
都是因为那场雨他们才没能来。
Owing to his lacking of experience,John failed this time.
因为经验不足,这次约翰失败了。
注:owing to 也可表示"欠……钱"之意。 How much is he owing to you.他欠你多少钱.
⑨thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因,常译为"幸亏……,多亏……"。例如:
Thanks to the timely rain,the farmer had a good harvest.多亏那场及时雨,农民才有了个好收成。
⑩out of表示动机的起因,常译为"出于……"。例如:
He asked the question out of curiosity.
出于好奇,他提了这个问题。
He did it out of pity.
他做那事是出于同情。
