8)in/of在比较句中表示比较范围时的用法区别:
同类比较时,一般用介词of;非同类比较,或者说将某人、事或物置于某个集合体或环境中进行比较时,用介词in。这种用法区别主要出现于最高级结构中。例如:
It's the GREatest revolution in the modern industry. She's the prettiest girl of the three sisters.
它们之间的另一个显著差异是,in后一般是可数名词单数,而of后则用可数名词的复数。
9)by/with表示"用"时的用法区别:
与上述两例一样,初学者容易混淆这两个词的用法。实际上,作"用"解时,by与with的用法是有显著区别的。with后通常接表示工具或材料的名词,表示"用……工具,材料";而by后一般跟动名词或抽象化的可数名词(即这些名词前用零冠词),表示"用……手段或方式"。试比较:
We want to settle this by direct negotiation(谈判) with them.
Learn to swim by swimming.People feel and know the world with their eyes and hands.
Those village girls made all kinds of handicrafts(手工艺品) with bamboo.
10)as/for表"当作,作为"时的用法区别:
一般地,当其宾语具有普遍意义或价值时,用介词as;具有特殊含义或临时价值时,则用介词for。例如:
Ancient people used spears and broad swords as weapons.
In camping,people can often be seen to use a piece of bamboo for the pot.
11)as/like作"像……"时的用法区别:
严格地讲,此时的as应译作"作为,以……的身份",like才真正译作"像……"。试比较:
As a Chinese,who will not be inspired by the reform achievement of our country.
Like human beings,animals also need sleep and rest.
常见的习惯表达法有:look like,seem like,more like等;以及have...as,look on...as,regard...as,treat...as,think of...(as),consider...(as),serve as,be famous as,act as等。但有时两者的界限也不是绝对的。例如:Don't treat me like/as a guest.The economic growth of China in 1995 is almost the same as that in 1994.
