二、语法手段
（一） 照应
照应指用代词等语法手段来表示语义关系。照应关系可分为两类：一类可以在语篇中找到所指对象，叫内照应（即语言项目之间的照应关系）；一类是在语篇中找不到所指对象，需要凭借我们的知识和经验加以体会、辨别，叫外照应（即语言项目的意义解释直接依赖于语篇外客观环境中的某个事物）。英语中的照应分为人称照应、指示照应和比较照应。例如：
1. A Hollywood producer was determined to give his mother a birthday present that would be better than ______ his brother was giving her.
填that, 与a birthday present比较
2. The chief reason is that all passionate and prejudiced arguments overstate their case and ______ their opponent's case.
填understate, 与上文overstate 对照
3. Unfortunately these are a large number of people in my family; some wanted to see one program ______ others preferred another.
填while, 表示some与others之间的比较
（二） 替代
替代指的是用一些替代形式去代替上下文中出现的词语。使用替代既是为了避免重复，也是为了连接上下文。替代分为名词性替代、动词性替代、分词性替代。例如：
1. He will not buy a poorly made car, for instance, if there is a better ______ for sale at the same price.
填one, 代替car
2. Of course he did not understand anything, but he nodded his head as if he ______ .
填did, 代替understand
3. Jack rose to his feet and prepared to back softly away from the snake. At that moment, however, he felt strangely unwilling to do ______ . Instead of moving backward as planned, he took a step forward, and then another!
填so , 代替前边rose to his feet and prepared to back softly from the snake
（三） 省略
省略的使用是为了避免重复，突出主要信息，衔接上下文。同样，省略可分为名词性省略、动词性省略和分词性省略。例如：
A philosopher said that we have no right to oppose a position until we can state that position in a way that fully satisfies those who hold it; until, indeed, we can make out a better case for it than the proponent himself ______ .
填 can, 是前边 can make out a better case for it 的省略
以上只是笔者对完形填空题的解题思路与方法的简单总结，希望能够给大学生朋友的英语学习带来启发和帮助。
