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中英文讲演稿:震区抗疫的决战开始了

[日期:2008-05-22]   [字体: ]
32年前,我作为防疫队一员进入唐山,目睹灾区极其恶劣的生存状况。四川地震和唐山地震完全相同的是,城镇生命线工程中的供电供水系统毁于一旦,饮水和清洗条件困难;粪便、污水和垃圾的排放处理系统瘫痪;医疗防疫系统被严重破坏。唐山震后处置了24万蒙难者遗体,最终没有暴发瘟疫,堪称奇迹,亦属侥幸。

  和唐山地震相比,本次震后抗疫战有若干不同之点:

  灾场地域数倍于唐山,遭到严重破坏的城镇坐落各处。这使得抗疫战线极长。城乡相连,除了人的遗体,还有大量牲畜家禽乃至其它动物的尸体。除此,各地停电,大型冷冻库或被毁损,或停止工作,造成另一大部分物品腐烂。正在腐烂中的生活垃圾,数量亦惊人。这一切,都和处于物资匮乏年代的唐山不同,抗疫的工作量极大。目前各省派出防疫队,分兵把口,一个省包一个县,是指挥部的正确决策,但未知防疫力量是否足够。

  从废墟中清理遗体的难度高于唐山。四川震区的倒塌建筑物,钢筋混凝土楼房的数目远多于32年前的唐山。这就是说,救援人员需要在大量更错综复杂的倒塌楼房中抢救幸存者和清理遗体。未来数日,工作将在越来越困难的条件下进行。许多遗体最终恐无法起出。

  灾场防疫的管理,比唐山复杂。32年前,“文革”末期,灾场已近乎军事化的方式管理。在今天的灾区,难以像唐山,以简陋快速的手段,将遗体集中掩埋。本次地震,政府考虑受难者遗属的心情,联合制定了地震遇难人员遗体处理意见,规定了认领程序,甚至在火化前安排遗体整容。而一些遗属不接受集中深埋,增加了处置难度。

  这次进入灾区的救灾人员、传媒工作者、志愿者,也远比唐山的时代多元,自身卫生防护可能会有漏洞。前方记者告诉我,他们的防护、消毒,是由志愿者负责的,这是有效方式,但愿可覆盖所有人员。

  从电视上看到,汶川县城的百姓在用纸板遮阳,灾区的气温已达30℃,并在逐日增高。唐山在地震半个月后,气温迅速降低,情形正相反。四川震区的遗体处置,已迫在眉睫。然而困难再大,也须严格坚持处置标准,以免遗留后患。唐山当年有大量遗体掩埋深度不足,是年底,卫生部下令实施大规模掘起重埋或火化。而在四川,如发生同样问题,在很快到来的炎热夏季,后果难以想象。

  防疫决战已经开始。指挥者正采取果断措施,在严重污染的废墟划定禁区,并组织灾民撤离到离废墟较远的地方集中临时居住。在这里,我要特别向身心承受巨大压力、从事遗体处置工作的战士们致敬!

32 years ago, I, as an epidemic prevention teams into the Tangshan, witnessed the disaster areas is extremely poor living conditions. Sichuan earthquake in Tangshan earthquake and the same is the lifeblood of cities and towns in the electricity supply system destroyed, water and cleaning difficult conditions; feces, sewage and garbage treatment system of emissions paralyzed the medical epidemic prevention system was severely damaged. After the Tangshan earthquake 240,000 were confronted by danger and the disposal of the remains, ultimately no outbreaks of plague,堪称miracle, it is sheer luck.

And the Tangshan earthquake compared to the battle against SARS after the earthquake, a number of different points:

The site several times in the Tangshan area, was severely damaged towns located throughout. This makes the fight against SARS front very long. Linked to urban and rural areas, in addition to human remains, a large number of poultry livestock and other animals of the body. Furthermore, throughout the blackout, large freezer or damage, or stop working, resulting in most of the other perishable goods. Are rotting in the garbage, also an alarming number. All this, and the shortage of supplies in the Tangshan different, the workload of the fight against SARS GREat. At present the provincial epidemic prevention teams dispatched, Fenbing the mouth, a province in a package, the command is the correct policy decisions, but unknown vaccination forces are adequate.

From the ruins of the difficulty of cleaning up the remains higher than that of Tangshan. Sichuan earthquake collapsed the building, reinforced concrete buildings much larger than the number of Tangshan 32 years ago. This means that rescue workers need a lot more complicated rescue survivors in collapsed buildings and clean up the remains. The next few days, work will be increasingly difficult conditions. Many bodies could not starting from the end.

The vaccination site management, complex than the Tangshan. 32 years ago, the "Cultural Revolution" late, the site is almost the militarization of management. In today's disaster areas, not like Tangshan, a simple means of rapid, will focus on the remains buried. The earthquake, the Government should consider the feelings of bereaved families of victims, a joint body dealing with the earthquake victims, provides for identification procedures, even before the cremation arrangements remains in plastic. And some survivors do not accept deep concentration, increasing the difficulty of disposal.

The rescue workers to enter the disaster areas, media workers, volunteers, and much of the Tangshan multiple times, their own health protection may have loopholes. In front of reporters told me that their protection, disinfection, is responsible for the volunteers, this is an effective way, I hope that can cover all personnel.

See on television, Wenchuan County in the city's people with cardboard shade, disaster areas, the temperature has reached 30 ℃, and gradually increased. In half a month after the Tangshan earthquake, the lower the temperature quickly, where the contrary. Sichuan Earthquake disposal of the bodies have been imminent. Yet another major difficulties, but also to strictly adhere to the disposal standard, so as to avoid future troubles left. Tangshan was a large number of bodies buried under the depth is the end, the Ministry of Health ordered the implementation of large-scale excavation lifting buried or cremated. In Sichuan, such as the same problem occurred in the hot summer coming soon, the consequences unimaginable.

Immunization decisive battle has begun. Commanders are taking decisive measures to serious pollution in the ruins of designated area, and the organization of victims from the ruins of the withdrawal to the more remote areas on temporary residence. Here, I would like to bear the physical and psychological pressures in the disposal of the remains of the soldiers salute!
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