反意疑问句要点例析

一、反意疑问句的动词形式

1. You have a piano, haven't / don't you?

They have to go right now, haven't / don't they?

She doesn't have an English-Chinese dictionary, does she?

You haven't a typewriter, have you?

You sometimes have a rest, don't you?

解析:陈述部分的谓语动词是have时,反意疑问句的动词形式:陈述句中有表示"有"的实义动词和半助动词have时,可以用两种方式构成反意疑问句;陈述部分如果是否定形式,反意疑问句的形式取决于陈述句的形式.当have表示其他意思,反意疑问句只能用do的各种形式.

2. You mustn't do that again, must you?

The teacher must show concern for the pupils, needn't he?

She must be in the room, isn't she?

They must have succeeded in their experiment, haven't / didn't they?

解析:当陈述部分的情态动词mustn't表示"禁止"时,疑问部分用must.当陈述部分的must表示"有必要"时,反意疑问用needn't.如果陈述部分的must表示一种"推测",反意疑问的动词要与陈述部分的主要动词相呼应.

3. You'd better go now, hadn't you?

You'd rather go there early, wouldn't you?

They needn't make such a loud noise, need they?

He daren't propose anything new, dare he?

A fence needs the support of three stakes, doesn't it?

She didn't dare to propose a new idea, did she?

解析:当陈述部分的助动词为had better, would rather, dare, need时,反意疑问句也要重复这些动词.若dare, need用作行为动词,则疑问句部分的谓语要用do (does, did).

4. She used to live in London, usedn't / didn't she?

解析:陈述部分带used to时,疑问部分用usedn't 或didn't都可以,但口语中倾向于用后者.

5. She ought to go by plane, oughtn't /shouldn't she?

解析:陈述部分带ought to时,疑问部分用oughtn't 或shouldn't都可以.

二、反意疑问句的主语

1. One can't be too careful, can one / he / you?

解析:陈述句的主语是one时,疑问部分的主语在英国通常用one,在美国通常用he,在非正式文体中也可以用you.

2. This is a pretty little town, isn't it?

Those are not dictionaries, are they?

解析:陈述句的主语是指示代词this,that或these,those时,疑问部分的主语分别用it和they.

3. Everything is all right, isn't it?

解析:陈述句的主语是指物的复合不定代词everything, something, anything, nothing时,疑问部分的主语用it.

4. Someone else paid for you, didn't he?

Everybody has arrived, haven't they?

解析:陈述句的主语是everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one等合成代词时,疑问部分的主语可用he,也可用they.

5. Each of the students was given an orange, wasn't he?

Each of the students have got the prize, haven't they?

解析:陈述句用不定代词each (of...)作主语时,疑问部分的主语可以根据意思用复数或单数人称代词.

6. None of us have never told lies, have we?

None of the boys can do it, can he?

None of the bottles are broken, are they?

解析:陈述句的主语是none of us / you / them,疑问部分的主语要与of后面的人称代词保持一致,并且要用主格.none of后接可数复数名词,疑问部分的主语在正式英语中表示人用he;在口语中表示人或物均用they.

7. There won't be any trouble, will there?

There stands the house, doesn't it?

解析:以there开头的there be句型,疑问部分的主语用there;用表示"地点"的there引导的陈述句,疑问部分的主语必须与陈述句的真实主语一致.

8. Driving to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic, wasn't it?

解析:动名词短语、动词不定式短语作陈述部分的主语时,疑问部分的主语通常用it.

三、祈使句的反意疑问句形式

Pass me the tool, will you?

Let's go for a walk, shall we?

Let us do it by ourselves, will you?

解析:祈使句的反意疑问部分通常用will you.但以Let's开头的祈使句,其反意疑问部分用shall we;以Let us开头的祈使句意义上相当于You let us,反意疑问部分用will you.

四、复合句的反意疑问句形式

1. There are many people in Africa who speak English, aren't there?

It isn't as hot as it was yesterday, is it?

He didn't say how old he was , did he?

解析:若陈述句部分是一个主从复合句,疑问部分的谓语应跟主句谓语一致.

2. I suppose you are not serious, are you?

I don't suppose you are serious, are you?

解析:以I suppose / think / believe/expect/imagine/presume等加that从句构成的复合句,其疑问部分的主语及动词要同that从句保持一致.