10.虚拟语气用于简单句
1)表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌,使语气委婉,常出现在日常会话中。例如:
It would be better for you not to stay up too late.
Would you be kind enough to open the door.
2)用于一些习惯表达法中。例如:
Would you like a cup of tea.
You had better go now.
3)用"may+动词原形",表示"祝愿"、"但愿"。may须置于句首。例如:
May you be happy!
May you succeed!
11.含蓄条件句
在某些虚拟语气结构中没有if条件句,虚拟条件是用其它形式表示出来,这种现象在语法上称为"含蓄条件句"。含蓄条件具体分为以下几种情况:
1)通过动词不定式短语表示条件。例如:
You would be a fool to refuse his offer.
(=If you should refuse his offer,you would be a fool.)
要是你拒绝他的建议,就太傻了。
2)通过介词短语表达条件。例如:
But for the storm I would have arrived much earlier.
(=If it had not been for the storm...)
要不是那场暴雨,我早就到达了。
3)通过连词otherwise,or,but,that,though,once等表达条件。例如:
She came to town yesterday,otherwise/or I would not have met her.
昨天她到城里来了,不然我就不会遇见她了。
(otherwise/or=if she hadn't come)
I would have attended the meeting,but I have been too busy.
(=...if I had not been too busy)
我本来要参加会议的,只是太忙了。
4)通过Were it not for...或Had it not been for...等句式表达条件。例如:
Were it not for(=If it were not for) the leadership of the Party,we could not live a happy life.
要不是党的领导,我们不可能过幸福生活。
(与现在事实相反)
Had it not been for(=If it had not been for) the leadership of the Party,we should have failed.
若不是有党的领导,我们早就失败了。
(与过去事实相反)
5)通过分词短语表达条件。例如:
Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.倘若给予更多的关心,这些树本来可以生长得更好的。
(=If they had been given more attention...)
6)无词句暗示条件。例如:
Such mistakes could have been avoided.这种错误本来可以避免的。
(暗含条件从句if we had been more careful)
It was so quiet,you could have heard a pin drop.是那样的安静,掉根针你都听得见。
(暗含条件从句if it had dropped to the ground)
