请先看2003年高考英语第22题:
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ in the kitchen.
A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked
析:答案为B。析语境可知,该空表正在吸烟,所以应用现在分词smoking作感官动词“found”的主语补足语。
感官动词后面常接补足语,其表达方式如下:
一、现在分词作感官动词的补足语,表动作正在进行。
例1:The missing boys were last seen ____ near the river.(NMET94)
A.playing B.to be playing C.play D.to play
析:答案为A。该句表示:失踪的那个男孩最后一次被看到时正在河边玩耍,所以应用现在分词playing作主语补足语。
例2:Soon they could see steam ____ from the wet clothes.
A.rise B.rising C.risen D.be rising
析:答案为B。该句表示:他们很快看见蒸汽正从湿衣服上升起,所以应用现在分词rising作宾语补足语。
例3:Last night at eight o'clock I heard him ____ in the next room.
A.sing B.to sing C.singing D.sung
析:答案为C。该句表示:昨晚八点我听见他正在隔壁房间唱歌,所以应用现在分词singing作宾语补足语。
二、过去分词作感官动词的补足语,表被动。
例1:He was disappointed to find his suggestions ____.(MET87)
A.been turned down B.turned down
C.to be turned down D.to turn down
析:答案为B。根据语境,该空表被拒绝,所以应用过去分词turned down作宾语补足语。
例2:The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year.(NMET2000)
A.carried out B.carrying out
C.carry out D.to carry out
析:答案为A。根据语境及句子结构可知,see的宾语the plan被前置,该空表看见计划被执行,所以应用过去分词carried out作宾语补足语。
值得注意的是,有些过去分词短语作宾语补足语时不表示被动动作,而表示一种状态,常见的有pleased with,surprised at,interested in,satisfied with,frightened at,terrified at等。另外,born in,crowded with,tired of,lost in,absorbed in,dressed in,dressed like,caught in a heavy rain,filled with等过去分词短语作宾语补足语时也常表某人或某物所处的一种状态。
例1:I found her surprised at the news.我发现她对这个消息感到很惊讶。
例2:I felt her satisfied with his answer.我感到她对他的回答很满意。
例3:He saw her dressed in a red skirt.他看见她穿着一条红裙子。
三、不定式作感官动词的补足语,表动作已经结束,强调一个结果。
值得注意的是,不定式用于主动语态作宾语补足语时不带to,但用于被动语态作主语补足语时应带to。
例1:They knew her very well.They had seen her ____ up from childhood.(MET88)
A.grow B.GREw C.was growing D.to grow
析:答案为A。析语境可知,该句表示:他们对她很了解,因为他们看着她从小孩长成大人,所以应用省略to的不定式grow作宾语补足语。
例2:You're lying,I saw you ____ the room.
A.enter B.to enter C.enters D.entered
析:答案为A。析语境可知,该句表示:你在撒谎,我曾看见你走进这个房间,所以应用省略to的不定式enter作宾语补足语。
例3:He was heard ____ three songs in the next room.
A.sing B.to sing C.sings D.sung
析:答案为B。析语境可知,该句表示:他被听见在隔壁房间唱了三首歌,所以应用带to的不定式to sing作主语补足语。