五、政治建设和政治体制改革
V. Political Development and Restructuring
发展社会主义民主政治，建设社会主义政治文明，是全面建设小康社会的重要目标。必须在坚持四项基本原则的前提下，继续积极稳妥地推进政治体制改革，扩大社会主义民主，健全社会主义法制，建设社会主义法治国家，巩固和发展民主团结、生动活泼、安定和谐的政治局面。
Developing socialist democracy and establishing a socialist political civilization are an important goal for building a well-off society in an all-round way. Adhering to the Four Cardinal Principles, we must go on steadily and surely with political restructuring, extend socialist democracy and improve the socialist legal system in order to build a socialist country under the rule of law and consolidate and develop the political situation characterized by democracy, solidarity, liveliness, stability and harmony.
我们党历来以实现和发展人民民主为己任。改革开放以来，我们坚定不移地推进政治体制改革，有力地促进了社会主义民主政治建设。发展社会主义民主政治，最根本的是要把坚持党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国有机统一起来。党的领导是人民当家作主和依法治国的根本保证，人民当家作主是社会主义民主政治的本质要求，依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略。中国共产党是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心。共产党执政就是领导和支持人民当家作主，最广泛地动员和组织人民群众依法管理国家和社会事务，管理经济和文化事业，维护和实现人民群众的根本利益。宪法和法律是党的主张和人民意志相统一的体现。必须严格依法办事，任何组织和个人都不允许有超越宪法和法律的特权。
Our Party has always deemed it its duty to realize and develop people's democracy. Since the beginning of reform and opening up, we have pressed on with political restructuring and improved socialist democracy. The key to developing socialist democracy is to combine the need to uphold the Party's leadership and to ensure that the people are the masters of the country with the need to rule the country by law. Leadership by the Party is the fundamental guarantee that the people are the masters of the country and that the country is ruled by law. The people being the masters of the country constitutes the essential requirement of socialist democracy. Ruling the country by law is the basic principle the Party pursues while it leads the people in running the country. The CPC is the core of leadership for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Governance by the Communist Party means that it leads and supports the people in acting as the masters of the country and mobilizes and organizes them on a most extensive scale to manage state and social affairs and economic and cultural undertakings according to law, safeguarding and realizing their fundamental interests. The Constitution and other laws embody the unity of the Party's views and the people's will. All organizations and individuals must act in strict accordance with the law, and none of them are allowed to have the privilege to overstep the Constitution and other laws.
政治体制改革是社会主义政治制度的自我完善和发展。推进政治体制改革要有利于增强党和国家的活力，发挥社会主义制度的特点和优势，充分调动人民群众的积极性创造性，维护国家统一、民族团结和社会稳定，促进经济发展和社会全面进步。要坚持从我国国情出发，总结自己的实践经验，同时借鉴人类政治文明的有益成果，绝不照搬西方政治制度的模式。要着重加强制度建设，实现社会主义民主政治的制度化、规范化和程序化。
Political restructuring is the self-improvement and development of the socialist political system. It must help enhance the vitality of the Party and state, demonstrate the features and advantages of the socialist system, give full scope to the initiative and creativity of the people, safeguard national unity, ethnic solidarity and social stability and promote economic development and social proGREss. We must always proceed from our national conditions, review our experience gained in practice and at the same time learn from the achievements of political civilization of mankind. We should never copy any models of the political system of the West. We must concentrate on institutional improvement and ensure that socialist democracy is institutionalized and standardized and has its procedures.
（一）坚持和完善社会主义民主制度。健全民主制度，丰富民主形式，扩大公民有序的政治参与，保证人民依法实行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理和民主监督，享有广泛的权利和自由，尊重和保障人权。坚持和完善人民代表大会制度，保证人民代表大会及其常委会依法履行职能，保证立法和决策更好地体现人民的意志。优化人大常委会组成人员的结构。坚持和完善共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度。坚持“长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共”的方针，加强同民主党派合作共事，更好地发挥我国社会主义政党制度的特点和优势。保证人民政协发挥政治协商、民主监督和参政议政的作用。巩固和发展最广泛的爱国统一战线。全面贯彻党的民族政策，坚持和完善民族区域自治制度，巩固和发展平等团结互助的社会主义民族关系，促进各民族共同繁荣进步。全面贯彻党的宗教信仰自由政策，依法管理宗教事务，积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应，坚持独立自主自办的原则。认真贯彻党的侨务政策。
1. Uphold and improve the systems of socialist democracy. It is essential to improve the systems of democracy, develop diverse forms of democracy, expand citizens' participation in political affairs in an orderly way, and ensure that the people go in for democratic elections and decision-making, exercise democratic management and supervision according to law and enjoy extensive rights and freedoms, and that human rights are respected and guaranteed. We should uphold and improve the system of people's conGREsses and ensure that the congresses and their standing committees exercise their functions according to law and that their legislation and policy decisions better embody the people's will. We should optimize the composition of the standing committees. We should uphold and improve the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party. We should uphold the principle of "long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, treating each other with all sincerity and sharing weal and woe", step up our cooperation with the democratic parties and better display the features and advantages of the Chinese socialist system of political parties. We will ensure that the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) plays its role in political consultation, democratic supervision and participation in and deliberation of state affairs. We will consolidate and develop the broadest possible patriotic united front. We will fully implement the Party's policy toward ethnic minorities, uphold and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, consolidate and enhance socialist ethnic relations of equality, solidarity and mutual assistance and promote common prosperity and progress for all our ethnic groups. We will implement the Party's policy toward the freedom of religious belief, handle religious affairs according to law, encourage the adaptability of religions to the socialist society and uphold the principle of self-administration and running religious affairs independently. We will conscientiously carry out the Party's policy toward overseas Chinese affairs.
扩大基层民主，是发展社会主义民主的基础性工作。健全基层自治组织和民主管理制度，完善公开办事制度，保证人民群众依法直接行使民主权利，管理基层公共事务和公益事业，对干部实行民主监督。完善村民自治，健全村党组织领导的充满活力的村民自治机制。完善城市居民自治，建设管理有序、文明祥和的新型社区。坚持和完善职工代表大会和其他形式的企事业民主管理制度，保障职工的合法权益。
Extending democracy at the grassroots level is the groundwork for developing socialist democracy. We will improve grassroots self-governing organizations, their democratic management system and the system of keeping the public informed of matters being handled, and ensure that the people directly exercise their democratic rights according to law, manage grassroots public affairs and programs for public good and exercise democratic supervision over the cadres. We will improve self-governance among villagers and foster a mechanism of their self-governance full of vitality under the leadership of village Party organizations. We will improve self-governance among urban residents and build new-type and well-managed communities featuring civility and harmony. We will uphold and improve the system of workers' conferences and other democratic management systems in enterprises and institutions and protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers.
（二）加强社会主义法制建设。坚持有法可依、有法必依、执法必严、违法必究。适应社会主义市场经济发展、社会全面进步和加入世贸组织的新形势，加强立法工作，提高立法质量，到二０一０年形成中国特色社会主义法律体系。坚持法律面前人人平等。加强对执法活动的监督，推进依法行政，维护司法公正，提高执法水平，确保法律的严格实施。维护法制的统一和尊严，防止和克服地方和部门的保护主义。拓展和规范法律服务，积极开展法律援助。加强法制宣传教育，提高全民法律素质，尤其要增强公职人员的法制观念和依法办事能力。党员和干部特别是领导干部要成为遵守宪法和法律的模范。
2. Improve the socialist legal system. We must see to it that there are laws to go by, the laws are observed and strictly enforced, and law-breakers are prosecuted. To adapt to the new situation characterized by the development of a socialist market economy, all-round social proGREss and China's accession to the WTO, we will strengthen legislation and improve its quality and will have formulated a socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics by the year 2010. We must see to it that all people are equal before the law. We should tighten supervision over law enforcement, promote the exercise of administrative functions according to law, safeguard judicial justice and raise the level of law enforcement so that laws are strictly implemented. We must safeguard the uniformity and sanctity of the legal system and prevent or overcome local and departmental protectionism. We will extend and standardize legal services and provide effective legal aid. We should give more publicity to the legal system so that the people are better educated in law. In particular, we will enhance the public servants' awareness of law and their ability to perform their official duties according to law. Party members and cadres, especially leading cadres, should play an exemplary role in abiding by the Constitution and other laws.
（三）改革和完善党的领导方式和执政方式。这对于推进社会主义民主政治建设，具有全局性作用。党的领导主要是政治、思想和组织领导，通过制定大政方针，提出立法建议，推荐重要干部，进行思想宣传，发挥党组织和党员的作用，坚持依法执政，实施党对国家和社会的领导。党委在同级各种组织中发挥领导核心作用，集中精力抓好大事，支持各方独立负责、步调一致地开展工作。进一步改革和完善党的工作机构和工作机制。按照党总揽全局、协调各方的原则，规范党委与人大、政府、政协以及人民团体的关系，支持人大依法履行国家权力机关的职能，经过法定程序，使党的主张成为国家意志，使党组织推荐的人选成为国家政权机关的领导人员，并对他们进行监督；支持政府履行法定职能，依法行政；支持政协围绕团结和民主两大主题履行职能。加强对工会、共青团和妇联等人民团体的领导，支持他们依照法律和各自章程开展工作，更好地成为党联系广大人民群众的桥梁和纽带。
3. Reform and improve the Party's style of leadership and governance. This is a matter of overall significance to improving socialist democracy. Leadership by the Party mainly refers to its political, ideological and organizational leadership. The Party exercises leadership over the state and society by formulating major principles and policies, making suggestions on legislation, recommending cadres for important positions, conducting ideological publicity, giving play to the role of Party organizations and members and persisting in exercising state power according to law. Party committees, playing the role as the core of leadership among all other organizations at corresponding levels, should concentrate on handling important matters and support those organizations in assuming their responsibilities independently and making concerted efforts in their work. We will further reform and improve the Party's working organs and mechanisms. Acting on the principle that the Party commands the overall situation and coordinates the efforts of all quarters, we will standardize relations between Party committees on the one hand and people's conGREsses, governments, CPPCC committees and mass organizations on the other. We will support people's congresses in performing their functions as organs of state power according to law, in ensuring that the Party's views become the will of the state and that candidates recommended by Party organizations become leading cadres of the organs of state power through legal procedures, and in exercising supervision over them. We will support the government in fulfilling its legal functions and performing its official duties according to law. We will support CPPCC committees in performing their functions by centering on the two major subjects of unity and democracy. We will strengthen the Party's leadership over trade unions, the Communist Youth League organizations, women's federations and other mass organizations and support them in working according to law and their own constitutions and acting as a bridge between the Party and the people.
（四）改革和完善决策机制。正确决策是各项工作成功的重要前提。要完善深入了解民情、充分反映民意、广泛集中民智、切实珍惜民力的决策机制，推进决策科学化民主化。各级决策机关都要完善重大决策的规则和程序，建立社情民意反映制度，建立与群众利益密切相关的重大事项社会公示制度和社会听证制度，完善专家咨询制度，实行决策的论证制和责任制，防止决策的随意性。
4. Reform and improve the decision-making mechanism. Correct decision-making is an important prerequisite for success in all work. We will improve the decision-making mechanism by which decision-makers will go deep among the people and get to know how they are faring, reflect their will, pool their wisdom and value their resources, putting decision-making on a more scientific and democratic basis. Decision-making organs at all levels should improve the rules and procedures for taking major policy decisions, establish a system of reporting social conditions and public opinion, a system of keeping the public informed and a system of public hearings on major issues closely related to the interests of the people, perfect the expert consulting system and implement a verification system and a responsibility system in making policy decisions with a view to preventing arbitrary decision-making.
（五）深化行政管理体制改革。进一步转变政府职能，改进管理方式，推行电子政务，提高行政效率，降低行政成本，形成行为规范、运转协调、公正透明、廉洁高效的行政管理体制。依法规范中央和地方的职能和权限，正确处理中央垂直管理部门和地方政府的关系。按照精简、统一、效能的原则和决策、执行、监督相协调的要求，继续推进政府机构改革，科学规范部门职能，合理设置机构，优化人员结构，实现机构和编制的法定化，切实解决层次过多、职能交叉、人员臃肿、权责脱节和多重多头执法等问题。按照政事分开原则，改革事业单位管理体制。
5. Deepen administrative restructuring. We should further change the functions of the government, improve the methods of management, introduce e-government, uplift administrative efficiency and reduce costs so as to form an administrative system featuring standardized behaviors, coordinated operation, fairness and transparency, honesty and high efficiency. We should standardize the functions and powers of the Central Government and local authorities according to law and properly handle relations between the departments directly under the Central Government and the local governments. Following the principle of simplification, uniformity and efficiency and meeting the requirements of coordination in decision-making, execution and supervision, we will continue to promote the restructuring of government departments, standardize their functions in a scientific manner, rationalize their set-ups, and optimize their composition in order to delimit the structures and sizes statutorily and solve the problems of too many levels, overlapping functions, overstaffing, divorce between powers and responsibilities and duplicate law enforcement. We will reform the management system of institutions in accordance with the principle of separating the functions of government from those of institutions.
（六）推进司法体制改革。社会主义司法制度必须保障在全社会实现公平和正义。按照公正司法和严格执法的要求，完善司法机关的机构设置、职权划分和管理制度，进一步健全权责明确、相互配合、相互制约、高效运行的司法体制。从制度上保证审判机关和检察机关依法独立公正地行使审判权和检察权。完善诉讼程序，保障公民和法人的合法权益。切实解决执行难问题。改革司法机关的工作机制和人财物管理体制，逐步实现司法审判和检察同司法行政事务相分离。加强对司法工作的监督，惩治司法领域中的腐败。建设一支政治坚定、业务精通、作风优良、执法公正的司法队伍。
6. Promote the reform of the judicial system. A socialist judicial system must guarantee fairness and justice in the whole society. In accordance with the requirements of judicial justice and strict law enforcement, we should improve the setups of judicial organs, the delimitation of their functions and powers and their management systems so as to form a sound judicial system featuring clearly specified powers and responsibilities, mutual coordination and restraint and highly efficient operation. We should institutionally ensure that the judicial and procuratorial organs are in a position to exercise adjudicative and procuratorial powers independently and impartially according to law. We should improve judicial proceedings and protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens and legal persons. We should solve the problem of difficult enforcement of judgments. We should reform the working mechanisms of judicial organs and the management system of their human, financial and material resources and gradually separate their judicial adjudication and procuratorial work from their administrative affairs. We will tighten supervision over the judicial work and punish corruption in this field. We will build up a contingent of judicial personnel who are politically steadfast and professionally competent, have a fine style of work and enforce laws impartially.
（七）深化干部人事制度改革。努力形成广纳群贤、人尽其才、能上能下、充满活力的用人机制，把优秀人才集聚到党和国家的各项事业中来。以建立健全选拔任用和管理监督机制为重点，以科学化、民主化和制度化为目标，改革和完善干部人事制度，健全公务员制度。扩大党员和群众对干部选拔任用的知情权、参与权、选择权和监督权。实行党政领导干部职务任期制、辞职制和用人失察失误责任追究制。完善干部职务和职级相结合的制度，建立干部激励和保障机制。探索和完善党政机关、事业单位和企业的干部人事分类管理制度。改革和完善干部双重管理体制。打破选人用人中论资排辈的观念和做法，促进人才合理流动，积极营造各方面优秀人才脱颖而出的良好环境。
7. Deepen the reform of the cadre and personnel system. Efforts should be made to form a vigorous personnel mechanism under which we can gather large numbers of talented people, put them to the best use and get them prepared for both promotion and demotion, calling them to the service of the Party and state. In reforming and perfecting the cadre and personnel system and improving the system of public servants, we should focus on establishing a sound mechanism of selection, appointment, management and supervision, with a view to making it scientific, democratic and institutionalized. In the matter of cadre selection and appointment, Party members and ordinary people should have more right to know, to participate, to choose and to supervise. With regard to leading cadres of the Party and government, it is necessary to implement the system of fixed tenures, the system of resignation and the system of accountability for neglect of supervisory duty or the use of the wrong person. It is necessary to improve the system of giving cadres both positions and ranks and establish an incentive and guarantee mechanism for them. We should explore and improve the system of classified management of cadres and personnel in Party and government organs, institutions and enterprises. We should reform and improve the system of dual control over cadres. We should break with the notions and practices of overstressing seniority in the matter of selection and appointment, encourage the rational flow of trained people and create a sound environment which makes it possible for outstanding people to come to the fore in all fields.
（八）加强对权力的制约和监督。建立结构合理、配置科学、程序严密、制约有效的权力运行机制，从决策和执行等环节加强对权力的监督，保证把人民赋予的权力真正用来为人民谋利益。重点加强对领导干部特别是主要领导干部的监督，加强对人财物管理和使用的监督。强化领导班子内部监督，完善重大事项和重要干部任免的决定程序。改革和完善党的纪律检查体制，建立和完善巡视制度。发挥司法机关和行政监察、审计等职能部门的作用。实行多种形式的领导干部述职述廉制度，健全重大事项报告制度、质询制度和民主评议制度。认真推行政务公开制度。加强组织监督和民主监督，发挥舆论监督的作用。
8. Tighten the restraint on and supervision over the use of power. We should establish a mechanism for the exercise of power featuring reasonable structure, scientific distribution, rigorous procedures and effective restraint so as to tighten supervision over power in terms of decision-making, execution and other links and ensure that the power entrusted to us by the people is truly exercised for their benefits. We should focus on tightening supervision over leading cadres and especially principal ones, stepping up supervision over the management and use of human, financial and material resources. We should tighten internal supervision of leading groups and improve the procedures for deciding on important matters and the appointment or dismissal of cadres in important positions. We should reform and improve the system of Party discipline inspection and introduce and improve the system of inspection tours. We should give play to the role of judicial, administrative supervision and auditing organs and other functional departments. We should implement the system under which leading cadres report in various ways on their work and their efforts to perform their duties honestly, and improve the systems of reporting on important matters, of making inquiries and of democratic appraisal. We should conscientiously implement the system of making government affairs known to the public. We should tighten organizational and democratic supervision and give play to the supervisory function of the media.
（九）维护社会稳定。完成改革和发展的繁重任务，必须保持长期和谐稳定的社会环境。各级党委和政府要满腔热情地解决人民群众工作和生活中的实际问题。要深入调查研究，区别不同情况，加强思想政治工作，正确运用经济、行政和法律等手段，妥善处理人民内部矛盾特别是涉及群众切身利益的矛盾，保持安定团结的局面。加强政法工作，依法严厉打击各种犯罪活动，防范和惩治邪教组织的犯罪活动，坚决扫除社会丑恶现象，切实保障人民群众生命财产安全。坚持打防结合、预防为主，落实社会治安综合治理的各项措施，改进社会管理，保持良好的社会秩序。加强国家安全工作，警惕国际国内敌对势力的渗透、颠覆和分裂活动。
9. Maintain social stability. To accomplish the heavy tasks of reform and development, we must have a harmonious and stable social climate for a long time to come. Party committees and governments at all levels should enthusiastically help the people solve practical problems they may confront in their work and life. They must carry out in-depth investigations and study, strengthen ideological and political work in light of different cases, and employ economic, administrative and legal means to handle the contradictions among the people properly, those involving their immediate interests in particular, so as to maintain stability and unity. It is essential to improve procuratorial, judicial and public security work, cracking down on criminal activities according to law, guarding against and punishing crimes committed by evil cult gangs and eliminating social evils so as to ensure the safety of the lives and property of the people. We must combine punishment and prevention, with emphasis on the latter, take comprehensive measures to maintain law and order and improve social management so as to keep public order. We must strengthen state security, keeping vigilance against infiltrative, subversive and separatist activities by hostile forces at home and abroad.
社会主义民主政治具有强大的生命力和优越性。中国共产党和中国人民对自己选择的政治发展道路充满信心，将坚定不移地把中国特色社会主义政治建设推向前进。
Socialist democracy enjoys strong vitality and superiority. The CPC and the Chinese people have full confidence in the road to political development they have chosen and will press ahead with political development under socialism with Chinese characteristics.
六、文化建设和文化体制改革
VI. Cultural Development and Restructuring
全面建设小康社会，必须大力发展社会主义文化，建设社会主义精神文明。当今世界，文化与经济和政治相互交融，在综合国力竞争中的地位和作用越来越突出。文化的力量，深深熔铸在民族的生命力、创造力和凝聚力之中。全党同志要深刻认识文化建设的战略意义，推动社会主义文化的发展繁荣。
To build a well-off society in an all-round way calls for major efforts to develop socialist culture and spiritual civilization. In the present-day world, culture is interactive with economic and political activities, and its status and functions are becoming more and more outstanding in the competition in overall national strength. The power of culture is deeply rooted in the vitality, creativity and cohesion of a nation. All Party members must fully understand the strategic significance of cultural development and make socialist culture develop and flourish.
（一）牢牢把握先进文化的前进方向。在当代中国，发展先进文化，就是发展面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的，民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化，以不断丰富人们的精神世界，增强人们的精神力量。必须坚持马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想和邓小平理论在意识形态领域的指导地位，用“三个代表”重要思想统领社会主义文化建设。坚持为人民服务、为社会主义服务的方向和百花齐放、百家争鸣的方针，弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化。坚持以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以高尚的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人。大力发展先进文化，支持健康有益文化，努力改造落后文化，坚决抵制腐朽文化。文艺工作者要深入群众、深入生活，为人民奉献更多无愧于时代的作品。新闻出版和广播影视必须坚持正确导向，互联网站要成为传播先进文化的重要阵地。立足于改革开放和现代化建设的实践，着眼于世界文化发展的前沿，发扬民族文化的优秀传统，汲取世界各民族的长处，在内容和形式上积极创新，不断增强中国特色社会主义文化的吸引力和感召力。
1. Keep the orientation of advanced culture firmly in hand. In contemporary China, to develop advanced culture means to develop national, scientific and popular socialist culture geared to the needs of modernization, of the world and of the future so as to enrich people's mental world and reinforce their mental strength. We must uphold Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory as our guidelines in the realm of ideology and have the important thought of Three Represents in command of the development of socialist culture. We must keep to the orientation of serving the people and socialism and the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend and highlight the themes of the times while encouraging diversity. We should continue to arm people with scientific theory, provide them with correct media guidance, imbue them with lofty ideals, and inspire them with excellent works of literature and art. We must exert ourselves to develop advanced culture and support healthy and useful culture, changing what is backward and resisting what is decadent. Literary and art workers should go deep among the masses and into the thick of life so as to contribute to the people more works worthy of the times. The press, publishing, radio, film and television must give correct guidance to the public, and Internet web sites should serve as important fronts for spreading advanced culture. Basing ourselves on the practice of reform, opening up and modernization and keeping abreast of the latest developments in world culture, we must carry forward the fine tradition of our national culture, draw on the strong points of other nations and make innovations in content and form so as to enhance the attraction and appeal of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics.
（二）坚持弘扬和培育民族精神。民族精神是一个民族赖以生存和发展的精神支撑。一个民族，没有振奋的精神和高尚的品格，不可能自立于世界民族之林。在五千多年的发展中，中华民族形成了以爱国主义为核心的团结统一、爱好和平、勤劳勇敢、自强不息的伟大民族精神。我们党领导人民在长期实践中不断结合时代和社会的发展要求，丰富着这个民族精神。面对世界范围各种思想文化的相互激荡，必须把弘扬和培育民族精神作为文化建设极为重要的任务，纳入国民教育全过程，纳入精神文明建设全过程，使全体人民始终保持昂扬向上的精神状态。
2. Continue to carry forward and cultivate the national spirit. National spirit is the moral kingpin on which a nation relies for survival and development. Without an inspiring spirit and lofty character, it is impossible for a nation to stand proudly in the family of nations. For more than 5,000 years, the Chinese nation has evolved a GREat national spirit centering on patriotism and featuring unity and solidarity, love of peace, industry, courage and ceaseless self-improvement. This national spirit has been enriched in light of the requirements of the times and social development by the people under the leadership of our Party over along period of practice. Confronted with interaction of different thoughts and cultures in the world, we must take it as a crucial task in our cultural development to carry forward and cultivate the national spirit and incorporate it into our national education and the entire process of building spiritual civilization so that the entire people are always filled with an enterprising spirit.
（三）切实加强思想道德建设。依法治国和以德治国相辅相成。要建立与社会主义市场经济相适应、与社会主义法律规范相协调、与中华民族传统美德相承接的社会主义思想道德体系。深入进行党的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领和“三个代表”重要思想的宣传教育，引导人们树立中国特色社会主义共同理想，树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。认真贯彻公民道德建设实施纲要，弘扬爱国主义精神，以为人民服务为核心、以集体主义为原则、以诚实守信为重点，加强社会公德、职业道德和家庭美德教育，特别要加强青少年的思想道德建设，引导人们在遵守基本行为准则的基础上，追求更高的思想道德目标。加强和改进思想政治工作，广泛开展群众性精神文明创建活动。
3. Promote ideological and ethical proGREss. Ruling the country by law and ruling the country by virtue complement each other. It is necessary to establish a socialist ideological and ethical system compatible with the socialist market economy and the socialist legal standard and consistent with the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation. We must carry out intensive publicity and education in the Party's basic theory, line and program and in the important thought of Three Represents, and guide people in fostering a common ideal for socialism with Chinese characteristics, correct world outlook, views on life and values. We must carry out the Program for Improving Civic Morality, promote patriotism and, with serving the people at the core, collectivism as the principle and honesty as a priority, intensify education in social and professional ethics and family virtues and especially intensify the ideological and ethical improvement among youth so as to guide people in their pursuit of higher ideological and ethical standards on the basis of observing the basic code of conduct. We must strengthen and improve ideological and political work and encourage popular participation in building spiritual civilization.
（四）大力发展教育和科学事业。教育是发展科学技术和培养人才的基础，在现代化建设中具有先导性全局性作用，必须摆在优先发展的战略地位。全面贯彻党的教育方针，坚持教育为社会主义现代化建设服务，为人民服务，与生产劳动和社会实践相结合，培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。坚持教育创新，深化教育改革，优化教育结构，合理配置教育资源，提高教育质量和管理水平，全面推进素质教育，造就数以亿计的高素质劳动者、数以千万计的专门人才和一大批拔尖创新人才。加强教师队伍建设，提高教师的师德和业务水平。继续普及九年义务教育。加强职业教育和培训，发展继续教育，构建终身教育体系。加大对教育的投入和对农村教育的支持，鼓励社会力量办学。完善国家资助贫困学生的政策和制度。制定科学和技术长远发展规划。加强科学基础设施建设。普及科学知识，弘扬科学精神。坚持社会科学和自然科学并重，充分发挥哲学社会科学在经济和社会发展中的重要作用。在全社会形成崇尚科学、鼓励创新、反对迷信和伪科学的良好氛围。
4. Develop education and science. Education is the foundation for scientific and technological advancement and personnel training. Playing a vanguard role and having an overall bearing on the modernization drive, education must be placed on our development agenda as a strategic priority. We must carry out the Party's education policy that education should serve socialist modernization and the people and integrate itself with productive labor and social practice so as to train socialist builders and successors featuring an all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and art. We should encourage innovation in education, deepen its reform, optimize its structure, allocate its resources rationally, raise its quality and management levels and promote quality-oriented education to cultivate hundreds of millions of high-quality workers, tens of millions of specialized personnel and a GREat number of top-notch innovative personnel. We should build up the ranks of teachers and raise their professional ethics and competence. We should continue to make nine-year compulsory education universal across the country, intensify vocational education and training, develop continued education and set up a system of life-long education. We should increase input in education, give more support to rural education, and encourage nongovernmental sectors to run schools. We should improve the state policy and system for aiding students in straitened circumstances. We should formulate a long-term program for scientific and technological development. We should step up the development of infrastructure for research. We should disseminate science and promote the scientific spirit. We must lay equal stress on social sciences and natural sciences and give full play to the important role of philosophy and other social sciences in economic and social development. It is essential to create an atmosphere in society at large favorable for respecting and promoting science, encouraging innovation and opposing superstition and pseudo-science.
（五）积极发展文化事业和文化产业。发展各类文化事业和文化产业都要贯彻发展先进文化的要求，始终把社会效益放在首位。国家支持和保障文化公益事业，并鼓励它们增强自身发展活力。坚持和完善支持文化公益事业发展的政策措施，扶持党和国家重要的新闻媒体和社会科学研究机构，扶持体现民族特色和国家水准的重大文化项目和艺术院团，扶持对重要文化遗产和优秀民间艺术的保护工作，扶持老少边穷地区和中西部地区的文化发展。加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。积极推进卫生体育事业的改革和发展，开展全民健身运动，提高全民健康水平。努力办好二００八年奥运会。发展文化产业是市场经济条件下繁荣社会主义文化、满足人民群众精神文化需求的重要途径。完善文化产业政策，支持文化产业发展，增强我国文化产业的整体实力和竞争力。
5. Develop cultural undertakings and industry. In developing cultural undertakings and industry, it is imperative to meet the requirements of developing advanced culture and always place social effects in the first place. The state supports and protects public cultural undertakings and encourages them to enhance their vigor for self-development. We must continue to improve the policies and measures for the development of public cultural undertakings. We must give our support to the major news media and research institutions of social sciences of the Party and state, to the major cultural projects and art schools and troupes that are up to national standards and embody national characteristics, to the protection of major cultural heritage and outstanding folk arts, and to the cultural development in the old revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, remote areas, impoverished areas and the central and western regions of the country. We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture. We should promote the reform and development of health and sports undertakings and carry on the nationwide fitness campaign to improve the physique of the entire people. We should make the 2008 Olympics a success. Developing the cultural industry is an important avenue to enriching socialist culture in the market economy and to meeting the spiritual and cultural needs of the people. It is essential to improve policies toward the cultural industry, support its development and enhance its overall strength and competitiveness.
（六）继续深化文化体制改革。根据社会主义精神文明建设的特点和规律，适应社会主义市场经济发展的要求，推进文化体制改革。抓紧制定文化体制改革的总体方案。把深化改革同调整结构和促进发展结合起来，理顺政府和文化企事业单位的关系，加强文化法制建设，加强宏观管理，深化文化企事业单位内部改革，逐步建立有利于调动文化工作者积极性，推动文化创新，多出精品、多出人才的文化管理体制和运行机制。按照一手抓繁荣、一手抓管理的方针，健全文化市场体系，完善文化市场管理机制，为繁荣社会主义文化创造良好的社会环境。
6. Continue to deepen cultural restructuring. It is necessary to push forward cultural restructuring in light of the characteristics of the development of socialist spiritual civilization and laws governing it and in response to the needs of the growing socialist market economy. We must lose no time in working out overall planning for cultural restructuring. We must integrate the deepening of reform with structural adjustment and promotion of development and straighten out the relationship between the government and cultural enterprises and institutions. We must build up a legal system concerning culture and intensify macro-control. We should deepen the internal reform of cultural enterprises and institutions and gradually establish a management system and operational mechanism favorable to arousing the initiative of cultural workers, encouraging innovation and bringing forth more top-notch works and more outstanding personnel. In compliance with the principle of both enriching culture and intensifying management, we should improve the system of markets for cultural products and their management mechanism to create a social climate favorable for a flourishing socialist culture.
中华文明博大精深、源远流长，为人类文明进步作出了巨大贡献。在当代中国人民的伟大奋斗中，必将迎来社会主义文化建设的新高潮，创造出更加灿烂的先进文化。
The Chinese civilization, extensive and profound, and with a long history behind it, has contributed tremendously to the proGREss of human civilization. We will surely have a new upsurge in building socialist culture and create an even more splendid advanced culture in the great struggle of the Chinese people in the contemporary era.
七、国防和军队建设
VII. National Defense and Army Building
建立巩固的国防是我国现代化建设的战略任务，是维护国家安全统一和全面建设小康社会的重要保障。坚持国防建设与经济建设协调发展的方针，在经济发展的基础上推进国防和军队现代化。
Strengthening our national defense is a strategic task in our modernization drive and an important guarantee for safeguarding our national security and unity and building a well-off society in an all-round way. We must uphold the principle of coordinated development of national defense and the economy and push forward the modernization of national defense and the army on the basis of economic growth.
坚持以毛泽东军事思想、邓小平新时期军队建设思想为指导，全面贯彻“三个代表”重要思想，按照政治合格、军事过硬、作风优良、纪律严明、保障有力的总要求，紧紧围绕打得赢、不变质两个历史性课题，坚定不移地走中国特色的精兵之路，加强军队的革命化现代化正规化建设。
The army must take Mao Zedong's military thinking and Deng Xiaoping's thinking on army building in the new period as the guide to action and fully implement the important thought of Three Represents. It must persist in taking the road of fewer but better troops with Chinese characteristics and become more revolutionary, modernized and regularized in compliance with the general requirements of being qualified politically and competent militarily and having a fine style of work, strict discipline and adequate logistic support and in close connection with the two historic objectives of being capable of winning battles and never degenerating.
始终把思想政治建设摆在军队各项建设的首位，永葆人民军队的性质、本色和作风。党对军队的绝对领导是我军永远不变的军魂，要毫不动摇地坚持党领导人民军队的根本原则和制度。
The army should give first priority to ideological and political development in all its endeavors and retain the nature, quality and style of work worthy of a people's army. The Party's absolute leadership over the army is the eternal soul of the army. There must be no wavering in upholding the fundamental principle and system that the Party leads the people's army.
贯彻积极防御的军事战略方针，提高高技术条件下的防卫作战能力。适应世界军事变革的趋势，实施科技强军战略，加强质量建设。把教育训练摆到战略位置，深入开展科技练兵，加强军队院校建设，培养大批高素质新型军事人才。创新和发展军事理论。努力完成机械化和信息化建设的双重历史任务，实现我军现代化的跨越式发展。
The army must implement the military strategic principle of active defense and raise its defense capabilities and combat effectiveness under high-tech conditions. In response to the trend of military changes in the world, it must carry out the strategy of building a strong army through science and technology and improve its qualities. It should attach strategic importance to education and training, carry on intensive science- and technology-related military training and strengthen the building of military academies and schools so as to bring up a large number of high-quality military personnel of a new type. It is necessary to innovate and develop military theories. Efforts should be made to accomplish the historical tasks of mechanization and IT application, thereby bringing about leapfrog development in the modernization of our army.
探索新的历史条件下治军的特点和规律，推进国防和军队建设的各项改革。优化军队的编成和结构，调整和完善政策制度。坚持从严治军，健全军事法规体系，提高依法治军的水平。坚持勤俭建军，建立和完善三军一体、军民兼容、平战结合的联勤保障体制。深化国防科技工业体制改革，坚持寓军于民，建立健全竞争、评价、监督和激励机制，增强自主创新能力，加快国防科技和武器装备发展。完善国防动员体制，加强民兵和预备役部队建设，发展高技术条件下人民战争的战略战术。武装警察部队要加强全面建设，永远做党和人民的忠诚卫士。
It is necessary to explore the characteristics and laws for running the army under the new historical conditions and press ahead with reforms in the building of national defense and the army. The formation and structure of the army must be optimized and the related policies and systems should be adjusted and improved. The army must be strict with itself and improve the system of military rules and regulations so as to raise the level of handling its affairs according to law. It is essential to persist in building the army through diligence and thrift and establishing and improving an integrated logistic support system for the three armed services, for both military and civilian purposes and for both peacetime and wartime. It is necessary to deepen the restructuring of defense-related science, technology and industry, combine military efforts with civilian support, establish and improve the mechanism of competition, appraisal, supervision and incentives and enhance the capabilities of independent innovation so as to speed up the development of defense-related science and technology as well as arms and equipment. It is necessary to improve the mobilization system for national defense, strengthen the militia and reserves and develop strategies and tactics of the people's war under high-tech conditions. The armed police should strive for all-round improvement and be loyal guards of the Party and the people forever.
各级党组织和政府、广大人民群众要关心、支持国防和军队建设。军队要积极支持和参加国家建设。加强国防教育，增强全民国防观念。拥军优属，拥政爱民，巩固军政军民团结。
Party organizations and governments at all levels and the people should be concerned with and support the building of national defense and the army. The army should support and take an active part in national construction. We should strengthen education in national defense to enhance the entire people's awareness of its importance. The government and the people should support the army and give preferential treatment to the families of servicemen and martyrs, and the army should support the government and cherish the people so as to consolidate the solidarity between the army and the government and between the army and the people.
